真核生物减数分裂重组热点的研究进展

真核生物减数分裂过程中基因组中某些区域会发生较其他区域高的重组频率，这些区域被称作减数分裂重组热点。该现象首先在酵母的研究中发现，重组区域因含有启动重组的特异位点，从而使基因组中呈现出重组不均匀分布的特征。重组热点还在真菌、玉米和人类等真核生物中发现。本文列举了不同真核生物体中具有代表性鉴别重组热点的方法，总结了目前减数分裂重组热点的研究现状，探讨了引起真核生物减数分裂交换活跃的因子和机制，并就当前存在的问题和今后发展的前景进行了讨论。

Meiotic Recombination Hotspots in Eukaryotes

Meiotic recombination may occur more frequently in some regions of the eukaryotic genome. These regions are referred to as meiotic recombination hotspot loci. Genetic studies in the yeast have revealed that these hotspots contain special sites for recombination initiation and result in heterogeneous distribution of recombination (along the chromosome length or across the genome). However, the data for recombination hotspot is so far limited to organisms such as fungi, maize and human. In the present paper, listed several typical approaches to characterizing recombination hotspots in different organisms, summarizing current progress in mapping of the meiotic recombination hotspots and discussing the factors and mechanisms for activation of eukaryotic meiotic recombination. Some unresolved questions and future prospects were also discussed.