抑制植物减数分裂重组的分子机理

减数分裂重组不仅保证了真核生物有性生殖过程中染色体数量的稳定,还通过父母亲本间遗传物质的互换在后代中产生遗传变异。因此,减数分裂重组是遗传多样性形成的重要途径,也是生物多样性和物种进化的主要动力。在绝大多数真核生物中,不管染色体数目的多少或基因组的大小,减数分裂重组的形成都受到严格的调控,但抑制减数分裂重组的分子机理目前仍不清楚。近年来,通过正向遗传学筛选鉴定出多个减数分裂重组抑制基因,揭示了抑制基因的功能和调控途径。本文基于拟南芥中减数分裂重组抑制基因的研究现状,综述了植物减数分裂重组抑制基因研究取得的突破性进展,并结合基因功能与其调控网络阐述了抑制植物减数分裂重组的分子机理。

Molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination suppression in plants

Meiotic recombination not only ensures the stability of chromosome numbers during the sexual reproduction in eukaryotes,but also shuffles the maternal and paternal genetic materials to generate genetic diversity in the gametes.Therefore,meiotic recombination is an important pathway for genetic diversity,which has been considered as a major driving force for species evolution and biodiversity in nature.In most eukaryotes,meiotic recombination is strictly limited,despite the large variation of physical genome size and chromosome numbers among species,but the mechanisms suppressing meiotic recombination remain elusive.Recently,several suppressors have been identified through the forward genetics screen,and revealed the functions and regulation pathways of these suppressors.In this review,we summarize the breakthrough discovery of meiotic recombination suppressors in plants based on research in Arabidopsis,with particular focus on the gene function and its regulation network to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination suppression in plants.