牛黑素皮质素受体1(MCIR)基因与毛色表型的研究

牛MC1R基因不仅与毛色有关,而且与牛乳中乳蛋白的含量有关。利用PCR-RFLP和DNA测序技术分析了中国荷斯坦黑白花牛,中国荷斯坦红白花牛,鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛共4个品种的MC1R基因。共检测出3种等位基因(ED,E ,e)。中国荷斯坦黑白花牛主要是ED和E 等位基因(ED=0.12、E =0.80);渤海黑牛也主要是ED和E 等位基因(ED=0.52、E =0.47);中国荷斯坦红白花牛和鲁西黄牛大多为e等位基因(e=0.95)。中国荷斯坦红白花牛和鲁西黄牛还存在E /e基因型。由此推测ED和E 等位基因导致黑色素合成。另外发现牛MC1R基因编码区725处存在一重要的SNP(单核苷酸多态性)。

Relationship between the melanocortin receptor the coat color phenotype in cattle

The MC1R gene is related to coat color in cattle and to lactoprotein content in milk.Polymerase chain reac-tion-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the MC1R of China Holstein Black-white Cattle,China Holstein Red-white Cattle,Luxi Yellow Cattle and Bohai Black Cattle.Three alleles(ED,E and e) were identified.Most China Holstein Black-white Cattle had ED and E alleles(ED = 0.12,E = 0.80).The same was true for Bohai Black Cattle(ED = 0.52,E = 0.47).On the other hand,most China Holstein Red-white Cattle and Luxi Yellow Cattle had the e allele(e/e = 0.95).E /e genotype was present in China Holstein Red-white Cattle and Luxi Yellow Cattle.We reasoned that ED and E lad to the synthesis of the black pigment.Furthermore,we found an important SNP(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) at 725 position of the MC1R coding region.