两份太空诱变玉米雄性不育突变体的遗传研究

从搭载神舟4号飞船的4份玉米自交系后代中选育出两份雄性不育突变体, 对其进行育性鉴定, 并分析不育性状的稳定性及遗传特点。以不育材料的不育株为母本, 同群体的可育株和其他自交系为父本进行杂交, 结合自交、回交分析其后代的育性表现; 同时, 以具有正常细胞质的自交系为母本, 育性完全恢复的测交F1植株为父本进行反交, 对其反交的F1及F2进行育性观察分析。结果表明：这两份不育材料不育株的花药内无花粉或含少量畸形花粉, 败育彻底, 花粉败育表现为典败型。不育性状在不同年份、不同季节、不同地点下稳定遗传, 属可遗传的单基因控制的隐性核不育类型。

Genetic study on two maize male sterile mutants obtained by space mutagenesis

Two maize male sterile mutants were selected from the offspring of four maize inbred lines, which were carded into space by the Shenzhou spaceship 4. Their genetic characteristic and stability was analyzed in present study. Crosses were made between the male sterile plants and fertile plants from the same line, and other inbred lines with normal cytoplasm. The ratios of the sterile plants with the fertile plants in their Fi, F2 generations, and their reciprocal backcross generations with the male sterile plants were calculated. The results showed that the characteristic in male sterility was stable in different years, different seasons and different locations, and was inheritable from generation to generation. This male sterile was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Since no pollens or a few malformed pollens existed in the anther of the sterile plants, it was a completely sterile type.