植物基因组中的连锁不平衡

在植物基因组学研究领域, 连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium, LD)分析是近年来的一个研究亮点和热点。基于LD的作图方法不仅是新基因发掘的有效途径, 而且也是联系结构基因组学和表型组学的一座桥梁。自2001年基于LD的作图方法在植物中的成功运用至今, 已有大量关于植物基因组中LD结构及LD作图的研究报道。文章系统介绍了LD的基本理论及其在LD作图、单倍型多样性分析、单倍型标签SNP的开发和群体遗传学等研究中的应用, 并就近年来关于LD与群体结构、基因转换和上位效应及G×E互作等方面的研究热点和发展趋势进行了探讨。当前, 世界各国基因争夺大战日趋激烈。中国是基因资源大国, 但还不是基因大国。植物基因组中LD研究热潮的兴起及LD研究的进一步深入, 必将大大推动植物基因组学的快速发展, 特别是加速从作物种质资源中发掘新基因的进程。

Linkage disequilibrium in plant genomes

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is one of the most recently focused interests in the field of plant genomics. LD mapping is an effective approach to discovering novel genes and a bridge for connecting structural genomics to phenomics. LD mapping was first applied in plants in 2001. Since then, researches on the structure and extent of LD and LD mapping have been reported in a wide range of plant species. The basic theory of LD and its application in LD mapping, haplotype diversity analysis, htSNP identification and population genetics were reviewed in this paper. And advances of LD research in plants including influences of population structure, gene conversion, epistasis and GxE interactions, and future prospects were also presented. China has abundant germplasm resources, but gene discovery lags behind. Intensive researches on LD will certainly accelerate rapid development of plant genomics, especially the progress of gene discovery based on germplasm resources in China.