Cytological analysis of early microspore divisions leading to gametic embryo formation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus suber</Emphasis> L. anther cultures |
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Authors: | Pintos?B Manzanera?J?A Email author" target="_blank">Bueno?MA?Email author |
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Institution: | (1) INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. de la Coru a Km 7,5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;(2) E.T.S.I. Montes, Polytechnic University of Madrid, UPM. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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Abstract: | The correlation between the phenologic stage of the inflorescence and the microspore development stage was studied. Cytological
examinations of the development of microspores during in vitro anther culture of cork oak (Quercus suber L.), were carried out during the first four weeks of culture. To observe the division occurring in the microspores, anthers
were taken randomly from the cultures after heat shock treatment and were stained with DAPI. Most of the anthers responding
to a heat stress treatment contained 91 % vacuolated microspores, indicating that this developmental stage is responsive to
embryogenesis induction in cork-oak microspores. After the heat shock treatment some cork-oak microspores were induced and
initiated the embryogenic pathway with the occurrence of numerous symmetric mitosis, producing structures with two to ten
or more nuclei. These lead to the formation of high numbers of multicellular cork-oak microspores (pro-embryos). Twenty-forty
days after induction, small white globular and cotyledonal embryos were observed, which further developed root and shoot,
regenerating plantlets. |
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Keywords: | anther culture cork oak microspore embryogenesis Quercus suber |
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