大石鸡兰州亚种的mtDNA种群遗传结构、单倍型分布和遗传多样性

大石鸡(Alectorismagna)是中国西北部的特有种。我们测定了大石鸡兰州亚种(A.m.lanzhouensis)8个地理种群106个样本的线粒体DNA控制区5′端458bp序列,研究其种群遗传结构和遗传多样性。27个变异位点共确定25种单倍型,其中单倍型M2广泛分布,而许多单倍型为一些地方种群特有。单倍型分布沿着南北方向变化,存在明显的地理结构。8个种群中核苷酸多样性最高的是定西种群,0.0069,最低的是海原种群,0.0028;单倍型多样性最高的是武山种群,0.86,最低的是北道种群,0.52。北方种群比南方种群具有更高的遗传多样性。系统发生树和单倍型分布表明,大石鸡兰州亚种存在两个明显的分支。溯祖理论、更新世冰期和花粉支持兰州亚种起源于兰州盆地,这个盆地是其遗传多样性的中心。

Population genetic structure, haplotype distribution and genetic diversity of the rusty-necklaced partridge Alectoris magna lanzhouensis based on mtDNA control region sequences

Rusty-necklaced partridge Alectoris magna is an endemic resident in northwestern China. To reveal populationgenetic structure and genetic diversity of Lanzhou subspecies A. m. lanzhouensis, we collected 5' mitochondrial control region sequences (bp 1 -458) from 106 partridges sampled at eight geographic populations. Twenty-seven variable sites defined 25 different haplotypes. The most common haplotype M2 was geographically widespread. Many allied haplotypes, however, were localized. The haplotype distribution was geographically structured along the north-south cline. Nucleotide diversity among the eight populations varied from 0.0028 (Haiyuan) to 0. 0069 (Dingxi); and, haplotype diversity ranged from 0.52 (Beidao) to 0.86 (Wushan). Compared to southern birds, northern partridges had higher genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree and haplotype distribution indicated that the rusty-necklaced partridge is geographically structured, forming two distinct clades. The coalescent theory, Pleistocene glacial effect and the sporopollen record supported that the Lanzou Basin, the center of genetic diversity, was the origin of the rusty-necklaced partridge Lanzou subspecies Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 (4): 738 - 745, 2006].