隼形目鹰科11种鸟类线粒体DNA分子进化的研究

采用ＡｐａⅠ，ＢａｍＨⅠ，ＢａｌⅡ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ，ＥｃｏＲ Ｖ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＨｐａⅠ，ＫｐｎⅠ，ＰｓｔⅠ，ＰｖｕⅡ，ＳａｌⅠ，ＳｃａⅠ，ＸｂａⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ等１４种限制性内切酶，对隼形目鹰科１１种鸟类（金雕、乌雕、草原雕、普通狂、大狂、鹊、白尾鹞、乌灰鹞、黑翅鸢、高山兀鹫）线粒体ＤＮＡ限制性片段长度多态性分析。结果表明：是遗传距离最小的是金雕和草原雕（Ｐ＝０．９６０），最大的是金雕和兀鹫（Ｐ＝１９．１

STUDIES ON THE EVOLUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN 11 SPECIES OF ACCIPITRIDAE

14 restriction endonucleases, Apa Ⅰ, BamH Ⅰ, BgI Ⅱ, EcoR Ⅰ, EcoR Ⅴ, Hind Ⅲ, Hpa Ⅰ, Kpn Ⅰ, Pst Ⅰ, Pvu Ⅱ, Sal Ⅰ, Sca Ⅰ, Xba Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ were used to analyse the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) of mtDNAs in 11 species of Accipitridae (Aquila chrysaetos, A.clanga, A.rapax, Buteo buteo, B.hemilasius, Circus melanoleucos, C.cyaneus, C.pygargus, Elanus caeruleus, Gyps himalayensis, Aegypius monachus). The results showed that the genetic distance between Aquila chrysaetos and Aquila rapax was the smallest (P=0.960); and the largest genetic distance was discovered between Aqulia chrysaetos and Aegypius monachus (P=19.15). The average genetic distance between species was 13.25. The study also revealed that there were abundant genetic mutation among species. According to previous reports, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Accipitridae evolved at a rate of 2.0%～2.3% per million years, the fossil records implied that the divergence age among species was as long as 25～30 million years ago. Fortunately, the calculating results of both methods seemed basically identical. Through this experiment, we also established molecular systematic tree of 11 species of birds, and made a preliminary studies on the origination and evolution of these species.