海南大田自然保护区海南坡鹿种群动态研究

笔者自1986年起对仅存于海南大田国家级保护区围栏内外两个坡鹿种群进行了连续4年追踪研究,就数量、年净增长率、年均增长率、年龄组成、性比、成幼比、母仔比、及补充率和死亡率进行了分析。围栏内外坡鹿年均增长率22.5％和10.6％,年净增长率逐年呈下降趋势。补充率下降是围栏内坡鹿年净增长率下降的主要原因,而这是由于密度过高、食物不足造成的;围栏外坡鹿年净增长率下降是死亡率增加的结果,偷猎是主要因素。对性比、成幼比、母仔比变化的分析也得出了同样的结论。本文最后提出了保护建议。

ON POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HAINAN ELD'S DEER (CERVUS ELDI HAIN ANUS) IN DATIAN NATURE RESERVE, HAINAN

The only population of Hainan eld's deer in Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve was divided into two independent populations by a fence built in 1986, within which a closure area of about 95 ha. in size was developed. The authors have a conducted 4-year field study on the two populations since 1986. The population size, average annual increase rate, net increase rate in one year, age structure, the ratios of female to male, adult to fawn, dow to fawn, recruit rate and mortality are reported and discussed. The population sizes within and outside the fence increased to 158 and 88 heads from 86 and 65 respectively after 3 reproduction years. The average annual increase rates of the populations within and outside the fence were 22.5% and 10.6%, respectively. Both of them were lower than the potential reproduction of Hainan eld's deer population. The net increase rates in one year of the two populations showed the decrease trends. The decrease of the population recruit rate within the fence is the main reason for the decrease of the net increase rate in one year, which resulted from over-population and food shortage. The increase of mortality led to the decrease of the net increase rate in one year of the population outside the fence, which was due to illegal hunting. The ratios of male to female, adult to fawn, and dow to fawn showed the same results. Protection suggestions are made in the paper.