东北亚地区野猪种群mtDNA遗传结构及系统地理发生

研究测定了中国东北、华北及四川西部72个野猪(Susscrofa)个体线粒体控制区全序列,并结合GenBank报道的日本野猪(S.s.leucomystax)、琉球野猪(S.s.riukiuanus)72个同源区序列,分析了东北亚地区野猪线粒体DNA的变异及系统地理格局。在东北亚地区野猪的线粒体控制区共发现42个变异位点,均为转换,共定义了34个单元型。单元型之间的系统发生分析表明,东北亚地区野猪来自同一祖先。东北亚地区野猪现生种群具有显著的种群遗传结构,其中日本野猪与分布于中国东北地区的东北野猪之间亲缘关系较近;而琉球野猪则与华北野猪间亲缘关系较近,与日本野猪和东北野猪间的关系相对较远。嵌套进化枝系统地理分析(Nestedcladephylogeographicalanalysis,NCPA)表明:东北亚地区野猪由同一祖先经过长距离的迁徙而形成现生各种群(或亚种);琉球野猪应起源于大陆野猪,其种群演化可能经历了片断化事件;华北野猪呈现南部种群遗传多样性高的特点,其种群内部曾经历了一次分布区由南向北的扩张

Population structure and phylogeography of the wild boar Sus scrofa in Northeast Asia based on mitochondrial DNA control region variation analysis

The wild boar Sus scrofa,which inhabits wide areas of Asia,Europe,and North Africa,is an ancestral species of domestic pigs with 27 subspecies.Five subspecies inhabiting Northeast Asia are the Ussurian wild boar S.s.ussuricus,the North China wild boar S.s.moupinensis,the Japanese wild boar S.s.leucomystax,the Ryukyu wild boar S.s.riukiuanus,and the Korean wild boar S.s.coreanus.Total of 144 mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) control regions of wild boars from these areas were analyzed and the phylogeographic characteristics and genetic population structure were investigated.Thirty-four wild boar haplotypes detected from the whole sequences of the mtDNA control region were analyzed using the neighbor-joining method.The phylogenetic relationship indicates that the wild boars in Northeast Asia share a common ancestor.The Japanese wild boars were more closely related to Northeast China wild boars than the others,and the Ryukyu wild boars have a closer relationship with the Northern China wild boars.Nested contingency analysis of geographical associations and the nested cladistic analysis of geographical distance for the mtDNA haplotypes of control region indicate that there is significant geographical population structure in wild boars of Northeast Asia.The results also suggest that:(1) the ancestral population had experienced a long distance movement to establish the contemporary population;(2) the Ryukyu wild boar population may descend from the continental boar,and it may have experienced allopatric fragmentation in the past;(3) the Northern China wild boar population in southern areas has higher genetic diversity than that in the northern areas,and the population has experienced contiguous range expansions.