蝮亚科蛇线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析及其系统发育

对中国产蝮亚科（Crotaline)亚洲蝮属（Gloydius)6种蛇（其中短属蝮取自两个不同地区）短尾蝮Gloydius brevicaudus (Stejneger).黑眉蝮Gloydius saxatilis(Emelianov),蛇岛蝮Gloydius shedaoensis(Zhao)，雪山蝮Gloydius strauchii(Bedriaga),高原蝮Gloydius strauchii monticola monticlal (Werner)，乌苏里蝮Gloydius ussurriensis(Emelianov)]与竹叶青属竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt共7种蛇8个个体测定了789bp或744bp线粒体细胞色素b基因序列，用MEGA1．02软件分析了其碱基组成及变异情况，以游蛇科链蛇属半棱鳞链蛇Dinodon semicarinatus序列为外群，用PAUP4．0b2软件构建最简约分子系统树，结果显示，竹叶青蛇在全部受试物种中处于原始地位，分布于东北地区的蛇岛蝮，乌苏里蝮，黑眉蝮与浙江与陕西产的短尾蝮所组成的分枝与横断山区的高原蝮，雪山蝮聚集形居的分枝组成姐妹群，支持分布于中国境内的亚洲蝮属蛇种的两个起源及分化地的假说，同时探讨了蝮蛇的分类地位问题。

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CROTALINAE BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME B GENE SEQUENCE VARIATIONS

Crotalinae are biomedically important, venomous snakes that are distributed across Asia and western Hemisphere. Phylegenetic relationships and taxonomy of these pit-vipers belonged to genus Gloydius remains controversial. This paper analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and classification of pit- vipers(Viperidae, Crotalinae, Gloydius) which are distributed in China based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence variations. We have sequenced mtDNA cytochrome b gene 789 bp or 744 bp fragment from Gloydius saxatilis (Emelianov), Gloydius shedaoensis (Zhao), Gloydius strauchii (Bedriaga), Gloydius strauchii monticola (Werner), Gloydius ussurriensis (Emelianov), Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt and Gloydius brevicaudus (Stejneger) from two different localities. Sequence compositions and variations were analyzed with MEGA1.02 software. Comparison of aligned sequences revealed 157 variable and 154 phylogenetically informative sites. Combined with the sequence of Dinodon semicarinatus from GenBank,one most-parsimonious tree was derived from heuristic search using the Maximum-parsimony analysis in PAUP4.02b software. Our molecular data show T. stejnegeri is the most basal taxon in our pit-viper samples, and the clade consist of G. strauchii and G. strauchii monticola which are distributed in Hengduan mountain area is sister group with another clade consist of G. brevicaudus, G. ussurriensis, G. shedaoensis, G. saxatilis which are distributed in northeast China. Our results support the following conclusions: (1) Gloydius origicnoted from two areas:northeast China and Hengduan Mountain area;(2) we discussed the origin of G. shedaoensis, and showed that is a subspecies of G. Saxatilis;(3) G. ussurriensis and G. brevicaudus are classified as two species.