中国啮齿类繁殖参数的地理变异

本文综述了我国8个鼠种(Cricetulus triton,Cricetulus barabensis,Microtus fortis,Apo—demus agrarius,Rattus norvegicus,Rattus losea,Rattus flavipectus,Mus musculus)的繁殖参数在不同纬度、经度和海拔上的变异趋势。8种鼠的胎仔数,怀胎率和生殖强度(胎仔数×怀胎率/性比)随纬度、海拔增加有增加的趋势;繁殖期和性比()有减小趋势。各繁殖参数在经度上的变化规律尚不清楚。野外小家鼠的胎仔数,雌性比例、怀胎率和生殖强度均比居民区大。 在高纬度、高海拔地区,种群增大生殖强度在于补偿较短的繁殖期和较低的存活率,以维持种群稳定和繁衍成功。这种繁殖对策是自然选择的结果。

REGIONAL VARIATIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF SOME RODENTS IN CHINA

This paper deals with the regional variations of reproductive parameters of 8 species (Cricetulus triton, Cricetulus barabensis, Microtus fortis, Apodemus agrarius, Ratlus norvegi-cus, Rattus flavipectus, Rattus losea, Mus musculus) in China.The results showed that, with the increase of latitude or altitude, the litter size, pregnant rate and reproductive capacity (pregnant rate litter size/sex ratio) increase, but the sex ratio (male/female) and breeding length decrease. And most of the correlation between the reproductive parameters and longitude are not obvious. The litter size and reproductive capacity of Mus musculus in the field are larger than in the house area, but the sex ratio is smaller.The principles observed above have much to do with the particular distribution of ecological factors along the latitude, altitude and longitude in China. It was suggested that the higher reproductive capacity is adjusted to compensate for higher mortality rate and shorter reproductive period in the higher latitude or altitude, which is favored by natural selection.