黑麂食物组成及其季节变化

2002年12月至2003年11月在浙江省九龙山和古田山自然保护区,分季节采集黑麂 (Muntiacus crinifrons)粪便,采用粪便显微组织学分析方法为主,辅以野外观察,对其食性进行研究。结果表明 :黑麂食物包括29科43种(属)植物。食物中的植物类型包括乔木、灌木、藤本、非禾草类草本和禾草类草本五种类型;灌木是黑麂全年的主要食物,它在食物组成所占的比例为55.4%;三尖杉 (Cephalotaxus fortunei)、光叶菝葜(Smilax glabra)、矩圆叶鼠刺(Itea chinensis var. oblonga)、南五味子(Kadsura longipedunculata)和络石(Trachelospermum jasminoides)为黑麂四季都取食且在食物组成中所占比例较高的植物,分别为 17%、16.5%、9%、8.7%和 4.3%,是黑麂取食的主要食物。方差分析表明 :黑麂的主要食物及其主要种类都存在季节变化。夏秋季节,乔木植物在黑麂食物组成的比例低于冬春季节 ,而藤本植物和草本植物则相反,灌木植物变化较小;黑麂取食的五种主要食物中,其中三尖杉和光叶菝葜季节变化极显著,在冬季,三尖杉和光叶菝葜在食物组成比例中最高,达到 21.7%和 24 .3%;在夏季,它们在食物组成比例中下降到最低点,分别是 11.3%和 11.6%,但相对密度(RD)值仍保持最高序位 ;矩圆叶鼠刺和南五味子变化较平缓 ,基本变化趋势相同:冬春季节比例较高,夏秋季节比例有所下降;络石季节变化不明显;由于黑麂的食物组成中禾草类占的比例很小,说明黑麂更接近嫩食者

Seasonal food habits of the black muntjac Muntiacus crinifrons

A combination of field surveys of feeding sites and microhistological analyses of feces was used to study the food habits of black muntjac Muntiacus crinifrons in Gutianshan and Jiulongshan Natural Reserve,Zhejiang Province, China. The plants utilized by black muntjac belong to 43 species and 29 families. These plants fell under five major groups(trees, shrubs, vines, forbs and grasses). Shrubs were the most important food of black muntjac, accounting for 55.4% of the diet. Cephalotaxus fortunei, Smilax glabra, Itea chinensis var.oblonga,Kadsura longipedunculata and Trachelospermum jasminoides were the species most frequently eaten. The percentages of these items in the diet were 17%, 16.5%, 9%, 8.7% and 4.3%, respectively. The results of analysis of variance for five main food plant species and four plant groups suggested that the main sources of variance were due to the seasonal factors. Percentages of shrubs and trees in the diet were lowest in summer and autumn, and highest in winter and spring. But the variation of vines, forbs and grasses was quite the opposite. The variation of Cephalotaxus fortunei and Smilax glabra in the diet was significant. Their contribution to the diet was highest (21.7% and 24.3%) in winter,and decreased in summer(11.3% and 11.6%). This trend was similar to that of Itea chinensis var.oblonga and Kadsura longipedunculata. Seasonal variations in consumption of Trachelospermum jasminoides were not significant. Because woody plants (arbors, shrubs and vines)and forbs were dominant, while graminoids were rare in the diet of the black muntjac, it is suggested that in S.E. China the black muntjac is a concentrate feeder or a browser.