声化学激活血卟啉诱导艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞凋亡

本实验采用频率为2．0MHz，声强分别为1．0w／cm^2、1．5w／cm^2、2．0w／cm^2等不同参数，研究超声激活血卟啉对艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡现象。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜以及荧光显微镜观察受损后细胞形态结构的变化，主要表现为细胞微绒毛的减少，胞膜结构和通透性的改变，细胞器的受损以及核物质的分解、丢失；同时发现处理后的肿瘤细胞有核物质凝集、趋边排列以及凋亡小体的形成等细胞凋亡特征。研究中首次发现声化学激活血卟啉在对艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞杀伤的同时，也能诱导艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞发生凋亡，提示在声动力疗法中并存着对癌细胞的直接杀伤和通过诱导癌细胞凋亡的两种抗癌途径。

Apopotosis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by sonochemical-activated hematoporphyrin

We used the ultrasounds with three respective intensities of 1 0 W/cm 2, 1 5 W/cm 2, 2 0 W/cm 2, and the same frequency of 2 0 MHz, to study the apoptosis effect of the ultrasound combined with hematoporphyrin on the EAT. Under the transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and fluorescent microscope, we observed the microstructure and ultra microstructure of the treated tumor cells, and found that the group treated by the ultrasound of 1 0 W/cm 2 showed us a surface with reduced microvilli, some finger like bumps, and vacuolated cytoplasm. The cells treated with the intensity of 1 5 W/cm 2 were destroyed more severely, with sharply reduced microvilli and more vacuoles in cytoplasm. Those treated with the intensity of 2 0 W/cm 2 were most destroyed, and showed us a partly broken surface and vacuolated cytoplasm. Having observed another three groups that were treated not only with the ultrasound, but also with hematoporphyrin, we found in the first group, the microvilli reduced sharply with bump shape, the inner nuclear membrane became thicken, and the chromosome concentrated on the periphery of the cells. In the second group, the bumps on the surface were more, the structure was partly destroyed, and the vacuoles in cytoplasm were more. In the third group, the structure was badly destroyed, the double nuclear membranes were completely broken, and only little membrane was remained. The tests of Annexin V PI, PI HO proved that in the groups treated by the ultrasound combined with hematoporphyrin, some tumor cells were killed. Based on our research, we conclude that the treat with the hematoporphyrin alone or the ultrasound alone has a little effect on the tumor cells. The treat if combine the hematoporphyrin with the ultrasound has more effect on the tumor cells, and with the intensity increasing, the effect becomes more severe. The ultrasound of low intensity combined with hematoporphyrin has the apoptotic effect on the cells, and the high one has the necrotic effect. These findings indicate that the sonodynamic therapy have two mechanisms to kill the tumor, and our study will promote the development of this field.