燕雀亚科鸟类的贝叶斯系统发生:非洲鹂雀的分类地位及朱雀属的进化与异质起源

鹂雀(Linurgus olivaceus)是非洲热带森林中一种独特的鸣禽,为鹂雀属(Linurgus)的惟一物种。在已有的研究中,通过对鹂雀和雀形目现存鸟类中每个科及亚科至少一个物种的线粒体DNA序列测定,分析了鹂雀与其它现存雀形目鸟类的系统发生关系;在遗传上,对鹂雀与金丝雀、金翅雀及燕雀亚科其它鸟类亦有比较研究。本研究共使用了燕雀亚科83种鸟类,重点对该亚科的系统发生进行了修订。使用贝叶斯法构建了系统发生树,结果表明:鹂雀属于燕雀亚科,系统发生树中聚在金翅雀族(Carduelini),与金丝雀属(Serinus)、金翅雀属(Carduelis)及交嘴雀属(Loxia)的种类形成一组;在系统发生中,鹂雀可能是一个基部物种,它同金丝雀属和金翅雀属鸟类一同进化并分歧出来。在本研究中未能涉及的一些已灭绝种类,可能与鹂雀有着较近的遗传学关系。另一方面,研究也表明锡嘴雀(Coccotharustes coccothraustes)肯定包括在欧亚蜡嘴雀(蜡嘴雀属Eophona和拟蜡嘴雀属Mycerobas)中,美洲的朱雀(Carpodacus)可能是从亚洲种类分歧出来并经过进化辐射形成。

Bayesian phylogeny of Fringillinae birds: status of the singular African oriole finch Linurgus olivaceus and evolution and heterogeneity of the genus Carpodacus

Oriole finch Linurgus olivaceus is a songbird thriving in African tropical forests.It has been classified as the only species within the genus Linurgus.The phylogenetic relationships of the oriole finch with at least one species of each extant Passerine families and subfamilies have been studied by mitochondrial DNA sequencing.L.olivaceus has also been genetically compared with most extant Canaries,Siskins and other members of the subfamily Fringillinae.In total,83 Fringillinae species have been used for the present study,and a phylogenetic revision of this subfamily has been addressed.Phylogenetic trees have been constructed by using a Bayesian methodology.Our results show that Linurgus olivaceus belongs to the subfamily Fringillinae and clusters within the tribe Carduelini,grouping with canaries(genus Serinus),goldfinches and siskins(genus Carduelis)and crossbills(genus Loxia).The oriole finch appears to be a basal single species that has evolved together with(and separately from)other Serinus and Carduelis species.Extinct species lacking in the analysis may have existed that were genetically closer to Linurgus olivaceus.On the other hand,the hawfinch Coccotharustes coccothraustes is definitively included within Eurasian grosbeaks(genera Eophona and Mycerobas),and the American Carpodacus species seem to be an evolutionary radiation apart from the Asian ones.