Quality of micropropagated plants—Vitrification |
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Authors: | Meira Ziv |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Botany and the Otto Warburg Center for in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 76100 Rehovot, Israel |
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Abstract: | Summary Vitrification-Hyperhydrous shoot development, effects the survival and quality of several micropropagated plants ex-vitro.
The leaves which are the immediate organ to be affected, exhibit abnormal morphology and physiology. Leaf malfunction is apparently
a stress response to very rich media and high relative humidity. The understanding of the underlying mechanism of vitrification
and its control in vitro can contribute to a more efficient micropropagation. Vitrification was found to be associated with
elevated ethylene production which was related to hypolignification and poor cell wall development. Liquid and low agar media
induced callose formation along with reduced and disoriented cellulose biosynthesis, manifested also in non-functioning guard
cells. Malfunctioning stomata, in addition to defective cuticle contributed to increased transpiration and desiccation of
in vitro formed leaves. The activity of various enzymes, associated with cell wall synthesis, was low and total proteins in
normal leaves was higher than in vitreous ones. Various measures were found to reduce vitrification; lowered matrix and water
potential in the medium, reduction in RH, low NH
4
+
, changes in Ca++ levels and the removal of ethylene. These measures improved leaf morphogenesis, survival and the quality of several micropropagated
plant species.
Presented in the Session-in-Depth Transition of Plants From Culture to Establishment In Vivo,“ at the 41st Annual Meeting
of the Tissue Culture Association, Houston, Texas, June 10–13, 1990. |
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Keywords: | acclimatization agar Ca++ cell wall epicuticular waxes ethylene hyperhydration lignification micropropagation NH4 + peroxidases relative humidity stomata vitreous leaves |
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