Dynamics of phenolic acids and lignin accumulation in metal-treated Matricaria chamomilla roots |
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Authors: | Jozef Ková?ik Bo?ivoj Klejdus |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Kosice, Slovak Republic;(2) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, 11 phenolic acids and lignin accumulation in Matricaria chamomilla roots exposed to low (3 μM) and high (60 and 120 μM) levels of cadmium (Cd) or copper (Cu) for 7 days were investigated.
Five derivatives of cinnamic acid (chlorogenic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids) and six derivatives of benzoic acid (protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic, p-hydroxybenzoic, salicylic acids and protocatechuic aldehyde) were detected. Accumulation of glycoside-bound phenolics (revealed
by acid hydrolysis) was enhanced mainly towards the end of the experiment, being more expressive in Cu-treated roots. Interestingly,
chlorogenic acid was extremely elevated by the highest Cu dose (21-fold higher than control) suggesting its involvement in
antioxidative protection. All compounds, with the exception of chlorogenic acid, were detected in the cell wall bound fraction,
but only benzoic acids were found in the ester-bound fraction (revealed by alkaline hydrolysis). Soluble phenolics were present
in substantially higher amounts in Cu-treated roots and more Cu was retained there in comparison to Cd. Cu strongly elevated
PAL activity (by 5.4- and 12.1-fold in 60 and 120 μM treatment, respectively) and lignin content (by 71 and 148%, respectively)
after one day of treatment, indicating formation of a barrier against metal entrance. Cd had slighter effects, supporting
its non-redox active properties. Taken together, different forms of phenolic metabolites play an important role in chamomile
tolerance to metal excess and participate in active antioxidative protection. |
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Keywords: | Cadmium Copper Lignin Oxidative stress Phenolic acids Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
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