供应链上“牛鞭效应”的成因及其有效控制方法分析

许多实证研究与企业调查发现,＂牛鞭效应＂现象广泛存在于供应链结构中.本文首先建立了供应链的经济生态系统模型,并利用该模型充分论证了两点：（1）＂牛鞭效应＂是由供应链自身结构产生的;（2）供应链类似于食物链,它不是契约链,维护供应关系健康持续发展的有效措施是,降低供求双方的依赖程度,而不是通过激励的途径促进供应端企业的供应.这两个结论有别于通常供应链研究的结果,所以本文的结论有益于供应链的理论研究与实践应用.

An Analysis of The Causing and Valid Controlling of Bullwhip Effect on Supply Chain

Many empirical researches and business surveys found that the＂bullwhip effect＂phenomenon widely existed in the supply chain.This article establishes a ecosystem model of the supply chain and makes use of the model to fully demonstrate the following two points：1）＂bullwhip effect＂is objective existing in the supply system;2）the supply chain is similar to the food chain,it is not a contract chain,consequently,the effective measure to maintain the healthy and continuous development of the supply relationship is to reduce the dependence of both supply and demand,rather than through the means of encouraging supply enterprises to promote product supply.These two conclusions are different from the usual supply chain study.as a result,the conclusions can benefit the theory researches and practice application of supply chain.