胚和胚乳基因效应对水稻幼苗生物量的影响研究

本文利用和胚乳遗传模型研究了水稻早期胚后生长生物量性状的遗传控制，结果表明：在两个时期水稻幼苗生物量性状中，除了第16天时根鲜重（RFW）主要受到胚乳显性效应控制外，叶鲜重（LFW），叶干重（LDW），根干重（RDW）主要受到胚基因显性效应和胚乳基因加性效应的控制，胚加性和乳乳加性效应占总遗传方差的40－54％，说明对生物量性状进行早期选择有效，各个性状都检测到显著的胚狭义遗传率和胚乳狭义遗传率，说明在早期世代即可估计选择进程，对亲本的遗传效应值的预测表明，对根部性状的选择在第8天进行比较合适，并以亲本P1，P3和P6较好，它们既可提高RFW又可提高RDW，而对地上部分性状的选择在第16天时进行比较合适，并以P4，P9和P10为最好。

Genetic Effects of Embryo and Endosperm Genes on Rice Seedling Biomass at Early Stages

The genetic effects of the embryo and endosperm genes on rice seedling biomass at early stages were investigated in this paper. The results revealed that leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW) and root dry weight (RDW) were mainly controlled by both embryo dom- inance genes and endosperm additive genes at two stages (8 days and 16 days after germination, respectively), but root fresh weight (RFW) at later stage were controlled mainly by endosperm genes. The embryo additive variance and endosperm additive variance accounted for 40-54% of the total variance, which suggested that early selection for these trait were effective. Significant embryo narrow-sense heritability and endosperm narrow-sense heritability were detected for all the traits at both stages, indicated that selection process could be predicted at early stages. Prediction of the additive effects for all the parents suggested that selection for root traits at 8 days after germination were appropriate, and P1, P3 and P6 were better than other parents. However, it was suitable for selection for leaf traits at 16 days after germination, and P4, P9 and P10 were better than other parents for leaf traits improvement.