普通玉米籽粒性状的遗传效应分析

采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法，研究了５个玉米籽粒性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应．分析结果表明，各性状的遗传同时受种子直接效应和母体效应的影响，细胞质基因对百粒重和粒宽具有极显著影响．除粒长、粒厚的直接显性效应与母体显性效应间的协方差外，直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著．因此，通过母体植株的表现可对这些性状进行有效的选择．Ｓ_２２和 ８７－１是改良粒重的优良亲本．选择粒较宽的自交系作母本有利于提高后代选系及Ｆ_１的百粒重．

Analysis of Genetic Effects of Kernel Traits in Normal Maize (Zea mays L.)

The direct, maternal and cytoplasmic effects of five kernel traits were studied by genetic model for diploid plant seeds using 5 inbreds and their F1 , F2, BC1 and BC2 generations. The estimates of genetic variance components indicated that the generation of all the kernel traits were affected by the seed's direct effects and maternal ones simultineously. Cytoplasm genes had significant effects on 100-kernel weight and kernel width. Except for the covariance between the direct dominance and maternal dominance effects for kernel length and kernel thickness, all other ones between direct and maternal effect were small and not significant. So, maize inbreds could be developed by direct selection baized on maternal plants for these traits. S22 and 87-1 were the suitable inbreds for kernel weight improvement. Using inbreds with high kernel width as female parents is benefinial to obtaining new inbred lines and F1 crosses with high kernel weight.