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西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心
引用本文:王建林,胡单.西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):133-137.
作者姓名:王建林  胡单
作者单位:西藏农牧学院农学系,西藏林芝,860000
摘    要: 以西藏3 204份栽培大麦(Hordeum vulgare)地方品种为材料,运用群体遗传学的原理与方法,研究了西藏栽培大麦遗传资源的数量、遗传多样性指数和综合变异系数及其生态地理分布特征。结果表明:1) 28°~30° N×88°~94° E的藏中地区栽培大麦资源分布广泛,遗传多样性丰富,综合变异系数高;2) 30°~31° N×96°~98° E的藏东横断山脉地区栽培大麦资源、遗传多样性和综合变异系数次之。并据此提出西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心及其多样性扩散方式。

关 键 词:西藏  遗传  多样性中心  栽培大麦
修稿时间:2002年7月10日

A STUDY ON GENETIC DIVERSITY CENTERS OF TIBET CULTIVATED BARLEY
WANG Jian-Lin and HU Dan.A STUDY ON GENETIC DIVERSITY CENTERS OF TIBET CULTIVATED BARLEY[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(1):133-137.
Authors:WANG Jian-Lin and HU Dan
Abstract:Tibet is a most beautiful place, located in southwestern China. She has been called “the roof of the world” and “the third pole of the earth”. A combination of unique geological history, complex land surface and climatic zones, various soil types, and different wild vegetation makes Tibet a very typical area of vertical agricultural ecosystem. The ecosystem in Tibet may be the most complex and variable in the world. Unique and complex environments, long agricultural history, different cropping systems, and natural and artificial selection endow Tibetan barely with the richest genetic diversity, which makes Tibet one of the first barley gene centers in the world. Today, whenever and wherever scientists talk about the origin of barley, they always mention Tibet. Since the beginning of this century, Tibet has been drawing attention of scientists from all over the world. Before 1950, because of the known political reasons, some foreign scientists entered and exploited in some collections of Tibetan barley, but they could not capture the whole range of Tibetan barley resources. After the establishment of P. R. China, the Tibetan social system was changed peacefully, and great progress has been made on research of Tibetan barley germplasms. 3 502 accessions of barley germplasm have been collected from Tibet. All of the collections have been cataloged and reserved in the long-term national gene bank. All of these collections have been evaluated and verified on agronomy traits, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutrient content and quality. They were also grouped based on their living habits, botanical and genetic characters. Some elite germplasms were screened out and used in cross breeding programs. Good achievement has been obtained and many high quality papers published. However, the genetic diversity centers and its mode of spread were not studied yet. The author focused on barley genetic diversity centers and its spread mode. The genetic diversity, comprehensive collection of variability of 12 traits and the distribution of 3 204 accessions collected from Tibet and quantitative genetic method are presented in this paper. The results show that: 1) cultivated barley in 28°-30° N × 88°-94° E was highest in accessions, genetic diversity and comprehensive collection of variability; 2) cultivated barley in 30°-31°N×96°-98° E of Hengduan Mountains takes second place. The genetic diversity centers and spread modes of genetic diversity were put forward according to the distribution centers, genetic diversity and comprehensive collection of variability.
Keywords:Tibet  Genetic  Diversity centers  Cultivated barley
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