根际激发效应的发生机制及其生态重要性

土壤激发效应是指由各种有机物质添加等处理所引起的土壤有机质周转强烈的短期改变。根际是激发效应最主要也是最重要的发生部位。根际激发效应能够反映生态系统土壤碳氮周转的速度,并影响植物、土壤微生物等对养分的获取和竞争,维持生态系统各组分间的养分平衡。虽然对根际激发效应的产生机制已取得一定程度的认知,但是对根际激发效应在土壤碳氮转化过程中的作用机理及其生态重要性依然缺乏足够的理解。该文在论述激发效应的研究历史和主要发生部位的基础上对最新研究进展进行了综合分析,提出了一个具体的根际激发效应的发生机制,深入剖析了影响根际激发效应的生物与非生物因素,并阐释了根际激发效应的生态重要性,对未来根际激发效应的研究方向进行了展望。

Mechanisms of rhizosphere priming effects and their ecological significance

Priming effects are defined as “strong short-term changes in the turnover of soil organic matter caused by moderate treatments of the soil”. Rhizosphere is the most important place, where the priming effects take place. Rhizosphere priming effects reflect the turnover rate of soil carbon and nitrogen, and affect the acquisition of competition for nutrients by plants and microorganisms, thus maintaining nutrient balance among the various components of an ecosystem. Although there has been a general understanding on the occurrence of rhizosphere priming effects, the mechanisms underlying their role in soil carbon and nitrogen transformations and their ecological significance are still not fully comprehended. This paper provides a synthesis of the latest advancement in studies of the rhizosphere priming effects. On the basis of reviews of research history and identification of the hotspots, we first put forward a mechanism underlying the occurrence of rhizosphere priming effects, and then examined the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the rhizosphere priming effects. The ecological significance and outlooks of research in the rhizosphere priming effects were discussed and clarified.