燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物对盐碱土的改良效应及对向日葵生长的影响

采用大田和盆栽相结合的试验方法, 研究了施用燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物(简称脱硫废弃物)后对盐碱土壤的改良状况及对油用向日葵(Helianthus annuus) (油葵)生长的影响。试验地设在宁夏平罗西大滩碱化土壤上, 设置5个不同脱硫废弃物施用量: 0、11.25 × 10³、22.50 × 10³、33.75 × 10³和45.00 × 10³ kg·hm^-2, 连续3年(2006-2008年)观测了土壤pH值、全盐含量及油葵根系的长度与体积、叶片细胞膜透性和抗氧化保护酶系统。试验数据显示, 施入脱硫废弃物后, 土壤pH值、全盐含量、油葵叶片细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈逐年下降趋势, 油葵根系的长度和体积呈逐年上升趋势, 且各处理间均差异显著(p < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 脱硫废弃物的施用能显著改良盐碱土壤, 促进油葵的生长, 综合考虑经济因素, 11.25 × 10³ kg·hm^-2的施用量效果最佳。

Effects of coal-fired flue gas desulfurated waste residue application on saline-alkali soil amelioration and oil-sunflower growth

Aims Coal-fired flue gas desulfurated waste residue (abbreviated as desulfurated waste residue) may be a feasible approach to improving saline-alkali soil. Our objective was to explore the effects of desulfurated waste residue application on saline-alkali soil amelioration and growth of oil-sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Methods Based on field and pot experiments, we studied soil properties (including pH and total salt content), and plant eco-physiological traits (root length and volume, leaf cell membrane permeability and oxidative protection enzyme systems) from 2006 to 2008. The field experiment was carried on alkali soil of Xidatan, Pingluo, Ningxia, and the desulfurated waste residue was added at ratios of 0, 11.25 × 10³, 22.50 × 10³, 33.75 × 10³ and 45.00 × 10³ kg·hm^–2. Important findings The application of desulfurated waste residue to alkali soil decreased soil pH, total salt content, oil-sunflower leaf cell membrane permeability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased oil-sunflower root length and volume. Therefore, application of desulfurated waste residue can improve saline- alkali soil markedly and enhance the growth of oil-sunflower on such soil. The amelioration effect increased with time during the 3-year experiment period. Considering economic factors, the 11.25 × 10³ kg·hm^–2 treatment achieved the best amelioration effect.