从生态学观点论如何扬长避短发展青海省的大农业

 青海省位于青藏高原东北部，由于地形、气候、土壤等自然条件复杂，省内各地土地利用特点差别很大。本文从生态学观点分三个地区讨论该省的大农业发展问题。一，柴达木盆地：位于青海省西北部，是—个被积雪高山环绕的封闭高原盆地，底部海拔高度约2650—3000米。气候干燥，年降水量约50至150毫米。然而绿洲的作物生长季节日夜温差大，结合着强辐射和长日照，有利于春小麦、马铃薯、青稞、豌豆、洋白菜和糖甜菜的光合物质积累，并且品质优良。这里绿洲中最近还引种了苹果和枸杞。但是盆地内大面积的盐土是发展农业的限制因素。二、东部地区：这里地形复杂，局部气候变化大。在海拔1600一2300米的黄河、湟水谷地，春小麦、蚕豆、蔬菜和落叶果树如苹果、杏、梨、核桃等产量高、品质好，这里是青海省的宝贵农业地区。在海拔3000米以上的高寒湿润山间盆地油菜籽油质很好。高山地区适合发展牦牛和藏羊，山坡下部应逐渐退耕还牧。在东北部山地河谷地区的针叶林必须加以保护。三、青南高原：位于本省南部，海拔约4000一5000米，气候寒冷而湿润。这里以嵩草为优势的高寒草甸面积最广，牧草的营养价值高，适于发展牦牛和藏羊畜牧。牦牛适合于这里的高海拔和寒冷气候，它既是交通工具，其毛、皮、奶、肉又有实用价值。

Suggestion form the Ecological View-point on the Development of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Sideline Culture in Qinghai Province

Qinghai Province is situated in northeastern part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, where the land utilization varies from place to place because of the different topographic, climatic, and edaphic conditions. From the ecological view-point, the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline culture are discussed in the following three regions: 1. The Tsaidam Basin. The basin situated in the northwest of the Province is a depression enclosing by high snow-clad mountains in a high plateau, the elevation of its floor varying from 2650-3000 m. The climate is very dry, being from 50 to 150mm. annually. However, during the growing season weather with difference in temperature between the day and night, together with intense radiation and long daytime favours to high yield and best quality of spring wheat, white potatoes, qingke barley, peas, cabbage and sugar beer grown in the areas where irrigated water comes down from the melted moutain snow. The areas also yield newly-introduced apple and cultivated Lyoium. Nevertheless, the extensive area of salty soil is the limiting factor to the agricultural development.2. The Eastern Region. The topography together with its climate of this region is highly variable. Spring wheat, beans, vegetables and deciduous fruits such as apple, apricot, pear and walnut can be well grown it the fertile valleys of the Yellow River and Huangshui River. The valleys are excellent farming areas, being 1600-2300 m. above sea level with rather warm temperature and well developed irrigation In the intermountain basins of about 3000 m. in elevation with moist and cooler climate, rapeseed gives high yield and fine quality. The higher mountains are suitable for raising yaks and goats, while the lower slope should be gradually ceased from farming to grazing. Some coniferous forest must be protected on the northeastern mountains along the river. 3. The Southern Plateau. The Southern province is with rather cold and moist climate mostly at an altitude of 4000-5000 m. The area has extensive grasslands dominated by Kobresia spp. and some grasses suitable for intensive development of animal husbandry. The yak, Tibet’s chief draught animal, is adaptable to the high altitude and cold climate. It serves a means of tranport, and its long hair, its milk, flesh and hide are all utilized.