两种类型小麦品种分蘖成穗对群体环境的响应与调控

 为探讨不同类型小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种分蘖成穗特性及对群体环境的响应, 寻求合理播种方式的调控参数, 在大田试验条件下, 对两类品种单株稀植与不同播种方式所构成的不同群体进行了对比研究。结果表明, 单株稀植时, 两类品种均具有较高的分蘖潜力, 中多穗型品种‘济麦20’和‘鲁麦14’单株平均成穗数为40.58和44.34个, 大穗型品种‘山农8355’和‘兰考矮早八’为24.33和23.20个, 成穗率存在着显著的基因型差异; 进入不同播种方式的群体环境后, 中多穗型品种每株平均成穗数降至3.37和3.85个, 降低率分别为91.70%和91.32%, 大穗型品种每株成穗1.82和1.36个, 分别降低92.52%和94.14%; 证明群体环境对分蘖成穗的影响比遗传因素更强烈, 且大穗型品种分蘖成穗特性对群体环境的响应较中多穗型敏感。播种方式可有效地调控群体结构, 条播的经济产量显著高于撒播, 条播行距配置对产量的影响因品种类型而异; 中多穗型行距在23.4–23.9 cm、大穗型在16.5–16.9 cm时产量最高; 撒播和窄行条播可有效地增加单位面积穗数, 提高挑旗和灌浆中期群体中、上层的光截获率, 而千粒重和穗粒数却随之降低。播种方式对挑旗后群体内部CO₂浓度有微弱的影响。

Responses and regulation of canopy microclimate on formation spike from tillers of two types of wheat

Aims Wheat (Triticum aestivum) tillering characteristics provide an important basis for controlling population dynamic structure.However,studies on maximum tillering potential and different sowing methods and row spacings are lacking for different varieties.Our objective was to examine the maximum tillering potential and explore proper sowing methods and row allocation to increase the yield of different tillering types.Methods The experiment was conducted on the farm of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'...