果粮间作生态系统功能特征研究

 黄淮海平原豫北地区果粮间作生态系统功能特征研究结果表明： (1)果粮间作系统(苹果、小麦、花生)是一个多植物种群，多层次结构，多功能、多效益的人工生态系统；(2，果粮间作系统对灾害性干热风、高温、低温等气象条件起到抗逆作用，能提高土壤肥力，改变系统生物种群结构，增加系统的稳定性；(3)系统的年经济产量为5218.6kg·h-1·yr-1，年生产力为17645.6kg·ha-1·yr-1，年凋落量为206.9kg·ha-1·yr-1，1988—1991年4年中，净经济效益为每公顷50781.2元，能量现存量为78.4699×1010J·ha-1，年固定能量为49.6×1010J·ha-1·yr-1，光能转化率为1.138%，营养元素N、P、K在系统的累积量分别为640.8、130.8、328.4kg·ha-1，年吸收量分别为554.5、96.7、253.9kg·ha-1·yr-1，年归还量分别为16.4、3.4，10.4kg·ha-1·yr-1，年归还率分别为：2.9%、3.5%、4.1%。

STUDY ON THE FUHCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLE APPLE/CROPS INTERCROPPING AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

In this article, we have analysed the characteristics of Malus pumila intercropping with Triticum sativum and Arachis hypogaea(M.T.A.)community in the northern Henan province in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains and compared them with Farmland system (Triticum sativum and Arachis hypogaea). The results showed that (1) The system is one that has multi-population, multi-levels, multi-performance and multi-benefits;(2)The M. T.A. system can resist hot-dry wind, high and low temperature, and can increase soil natrient, change the structure of species population and increase the stability of system; (3)In M.T.A.system, the Economic yield was 5218.6kg·ha-1,the annual productivity was 17645.6kg· ha-1·yr-1, the litterfall amount was 206.9kg·ha-1·yr-1, the net economic benefit from 1988 to 1991 was 50781.2yuan·ha-1·yr-1, the standing crop of energy was 78.4699× 1010J·ha-1, the annual net energy production Was 49.6× 1010J·ha-1·yr-1, the energy transfermation efficiency of PHAR (ETE = NEP/PHAR × 100%)was 1.138%. (4) In M. T.A. system,the accumulations of N, P and K were 640.8, 130.8 and 328.4kg·ha-1, respectively; the annual uptakes were 554.5, 96.7 and 253.9kg·ha-1·yr-1 respectively; the annual returns were 16.4, 3.4 and 10.4kg·ha-1·yr-1,respectively;the return rates were 2.9%, 3.5% and 4.1%, respectively.