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江苏省湖泊水生植被的研究
引用本文:刘昉勋,黄致远.江苏省湖泊水生植被的研究[J].植物生态学报,1984,8(3):207-216.
作者姓名:刘昉勋  黄致远
作者单位:江苏省植物研究所 (刘昉勋),江苏省植物研究所(黄致远)
摘    要: 江苏为全国多湖泊的省份之一,水生植被十分繁茂。影响湖泊水生植被生长、分布的环境因素是多方面的,湖水深度与透明度的影响最为明显。江苏湖泊水生植被的组成植物隶属30科,48属,共62种,可区分为挺水、浮叶、漂浮及沉水四类生活型植物。它们的分布有一定的规律,在沿湖岸浅水处,形成挺水植物带,向湖心方向随着湖水变深,而为浮叶植物带、沉水植物带。漂浮植物因流动性大,通常不形成独立的植物带。各植物带内分别形成相应的植物群落,在两个植物带叠接处则形成混交的群落。江苏湖泊水生植被共有16个主要群落类型。本文对湖泊水生植被的经济用途作了较详细的讨论。


A Study on the Lake Vegetation of Jiangsu Province
Liu Fangxun,Huang Zhiyuan.A Study on the Lake Vegetation of Jiangsu Province[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1984,8(3):207-216.
Authors:Liu Fangxun  Huang Zhiyuan
Abstract:Jiangsu Province which is one of the provinces having many lakes, is situated in latitude 30˚40′—35˚07′ north, longitude 116˚22′—121˚55′ east. It extends across southern temperate, northern subtropic and central subtropic bioclimatic belts. There are rich aquatic plants. The distribution of aquatic plants in lake is closely relative to the physical and chemical environments,particularly to the depth and transparency of lake water.Aquatic plants in this province have 62 species, 48 genera and 30 families, having four main life forms which are related to the position of plants on the water level:(1) Emergent plants with vegetative parts normally emerging above the surface of the water;(2) Attached plants with floating leaves;(3) Free-floating plants; (4 )Submerged plants generally attached to the bottom by roots.The adaptation of various life forms to different depths of water often results in a marked zonation of aquatic vegetation from shore to deep water. In a typical situation, the shallow water near the edge would be occupied by a zone of emergent plants. As the water becomes deeper these are replaced by rooted forms with floating leaves which in turn are fringed by a submerged plants zone and or free floating species.The floristic composition, formation and succession of aquatic vegetation are analysed and described.There are four basic vegetation types with sixteen main communities in aquatic vegetation in Jiangsu Province. Their major communities are grouped into following types: 1. Emergent types:Phragmites australis community, Zizania latifolia community; Nelumbo nucifera community; Typha angustifolia community. 2. Floating-leaved types:Euryale ferox community; Trapa incisa var. quadricaudata community; Nymphoides peltatum, Hydrocharis dubia community; Potamogeton distinctus community. 3. Floating types:Leman minor, Spirodela polyrhiza community;Azolla imbricata, Salvinia natans community; Hydrocharis dubia community. 4. Submerged types : Myriophyllum spicatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum community; Myriophyllum spicatum community; Potamogeton malainus community; Potamogeton crispus, Vallisneria gigantea, Najas minor community. The distributions of all communities mentioned above have been individually described. The economical uses of aquatic vegetation are intensively discussed. It is a plant resources using as fish food, feed for livestock, sources of fibre for paper-making and weaving mats, agricultural tools and green manures. They can be used as food, green vegetable, medicine, the construction material of dwellings and fences, as well as for the purification of water bodies.
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