南亚热带森林种群分布格局取样技术研究

 森林群落中植物种群分布格局测定和分析的结果，密切依赖于野外取样的技术手段及资料的可靠性。本文通过鼎湖山自然保护区三个不同森林群落类型的取样，比较了随机样方、相邻格子样方、中心点四分法、最近相邻法和最近个体法在野外操作、数据整理以及种群分布格局测定分析中的效用，对各方法在南亚热带森林群落中进行种群分布格局研究中的适用性予以客观评价。研究表明，同一样地中不同取样方法和测定方法会导致不同结果。随机样方取样数据的测定结果受样方大小影响，而几种无样地方法在种类复杂的群落中，应用受到限制。相邻格子样方适用于各群落类型中种群分布格局的测定与分析。

THE APPLICATION OF THE SAMPLING METHOD TO THE PLANT POPULATION PATTERN IN THE LOWER SUBTROPICAL FOREST

The plant population pattern is a real charocteristic in a forest community. Like all statistical methods used in the study of the phytocoenology, the results of the testing and analysis of the plant population pattern depend heavily on the field sampling method used with the community. In three different communities in the Ding Hu Shan natural reserve, Guangdong, China, the following five methods were applied to the sampling for information on plant species distribution: 1. Random quadrats, 2. contiguous grid quadrats (Greig-Smith, 1952; Kershaw, 1957), 3. point-centered quarter(Bray, 1962), 4. nearest neighour(Clark and Evans, 1954) and 5. closest individual (Pielou, 1959). The comparative studies dealing with the arrangement of the field data, the pattern testing and the pattern analysis showed that method 1. was affected by the quadrat size, although it can be used with all the communities. The use of the plotless methods is limited in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The method 2. was an effective one with every community not only for pattern testing but also for pattern analysis. The various methods gave different testing results with one and the same in a community, while each method presents a difference in adaptation to different communities. The results of the research suggests that method 3. is irsnsitive to the departure from random dispersion, method 4. and 5. are suitable to the mono-dominant community, and the contiguous grid quaAnlats method is a multi-purpose approach that can be used widely for the research of plant population pattern in a subtropical forest community.