Parks-people conflicts: the case of Gonarezhou National Park and the Chitsa community in south-east Zimbabwe |
| |
Authors: | Solomon Mombeshora Sebastien Le Bel |
| |
Institution: | (1) Department of Sociology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Harare, Zimbabwe;(2) CIRAD, P.O. Box 1378 Harare, Zimbabwe |
| |
Abstract: | National parks have been the centre piece of international conservation strategies in developing countries. The expansion
in the network of national parks has enabled the conservation of biodiversity and habitats but the acquisition of vast areas
into the park system has often been achieved through the displacement of resident local communities. Displaced people are
exposed to a variety of impoverishment risks and this stokes up animosity towards parks. The research reported here seeks
to understand the key issues involved in the occupation of a section of Gonarezhou National Park by Headman Chitsa’s people.
The paper examines how the interplay between the history of displacement and dispossession, demographic pressures, limited
economic opportunities, the ‘fast track’ land reform programme and dynastic politics are fomenting the land conflict between
Gonarezhou and Chitsa community. Secondary actors with diverse interests have also come into the fold. Official efforts to
resolve the conflict using a top-down approach have yielded little success. This culminated in a shift towards the use of
traditional mechanisms of resolving a chieftaincy dispute as a step towards addressing the broader parks-people land conflict.
Lessons from the case study are, inter alia, that interventions aimed at resolving parks-people conflicts should be alive to local culture, livelihood needs and power
dynamics and, to the extent possible, eschew forcible relocations. Finally, we draw attention to the need to address the wider
contradiction between policies promoting wildlife conservation and those promoting agriculture. The article is written to
share lessons with readers interested in parks-people conflicts. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|