Morphological studies on the Sulawesi macaques I: Phyletic analysis of body color |
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Authors: | Yuzuru Hamada Tsuyoshi Watanabe Osamu Takenaka Bambang Suryobroto Yoshi Kawamoto |
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Institution: | (1) Japan Monkey Centre, 484 Inuyama, Aichi, Japan;(2) Sugiyama Women's University, Chikusa-ku, 464 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan;(3) Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 484 Inuyama, Aichi, Japan;(4) Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia;(5) Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, 464 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan |
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Abstract: | The body color of Sulawesi macaques was measured quantitatively and compared among the different monkeys. As a result, divergence
models for extant Sulawesi macaques, withtonkeana as the starting point and fading as the sole direction of color change, were inferred as follows: (1) fading slightly on
the upper half of the body—nigra, fading more on the proximal part of the body—nigrescens; (2) fading over the whole body—maura; (3) fading greatly on the legs—hecki; and (4) fading on the distal part of the body—ochreata, fading more over the whole body, including the proximal part of the body—brunnescens. The color changed progressively in the order of (1) through (4). The divergence model, excluding the position ofhecki (3), supports the speciation model ofFooden (1969). If the proto-Sulawesi macaques had a body color pattern similar to the livingnemestrina, darkening would have been necessary for the evolution of the Sulawesi macaques after their immigration, and it may have
been acquired as an adaptation to the ground (forest floor) living nature of the Sulawesi macaques, together with influences
deriving from the insularity and/or from the absence of predators. |
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Keywords: | Macaca Sulawesi Body color Speciation |
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