Time budget of daily activity of Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi) in disturbance habitat |
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| Authors: | Luo Yang Zhang Minghai Ma Jianzhang Wu Ankang Wang Shuangxi and Zhang Shusen |
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| Institution: | 1. Hepato-biliary and Transplant Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Transplantation Centre, Bambino Gesù Childrens Hospital, Roma, Italy;2. Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Surgery and Transplantation Centre, Bambino Gesù Childrens Hospital, Roma, Italy;3. Hepato-biliary Radiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Childrens Hospital, Roma, Italy;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China;2. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China;4. Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA;5. College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China;6. School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA 6009, Australia;7. Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China 650223 |
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| Abstract: | The daily activity pattern of wild Francois' langurs (Trachypithecus francoisi francisi) was observed in disturbed habitat at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, China, between 1999 and 2000. The behaviors of wild adult Francois' langurs were recorded at a 5-min interval using an instantaneous sampling method. The results indicate that resting, foraging, traveling, huddling, playing and grooming activities account for 35.41%, 31.67%, 14.44%, 9.61%, 8.54% and 0.33%, respectively, in the daily time budget of these adult Francois' langurs during the study period. In comparison with the results in undisturbed habitat, the decreased food availability in disturbed habitat changes the foraging behavior of langurs, and also changes time budgets of other behaviors, such as the increase of the proportion of traveling and the decrease of the proportion of resting. At the same time, the higher frequency of human activity in the disturbed habitat influences the time budget of daily social behavior of the langurs including playing, huddling and grooming. The patterns of activity rhythms of wild adult Francois' langurs in the disturbed habitat show some seasonal differences which are also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | disturbance habitat Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi) daily activity time budget |
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