圈养塔里木马鹿白昼活动时间分配及行为格局的初步研究

2004年10月3日至12日，在新疆南部且末县塔特让乡塔里木马鹿人工饲养场对15只圈养塔里木马鹿的活动时间分配及种群的站立和运动、休息(静卧)、摄食和饮水、反刍等4种行为，采用目标及扫描取样方法进行了观察，并对各行为的发生率进行了统计分析．结果表明：圈养塔里木马鹿白天用大多数时间来休息和静卧，摄食集中于早晨和晚上，反刍行为出现在摄食后，通常在中午和下午的高温下，停止摄食活动，进行反刍．另外圈养塔里木马鹿对栖息地环境有明显的选择行为，其喜好程度依次为干土地、摄食区、沼泽地、水泥地、水沟．

A Preliminary Study on the Time Budget and Social Activity Pattern of Captive Tarim Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Blanford) in Xinjiang

This preliminary study on time budget and social activity pattern o f captive Tarim red deer was conducted between 3 to 12,October 2004 at Tatrang vil lage of the Southern Xinjiang.The sampling population was 15,some of which were captured from wild at different stages,and some were born by captured deer.Four behaviors such as standing and locomotion (SL),feeding and drinking (FD),rumjnat ing(RU) and bedding and resting (BR) were observed with the method focal samplin g and scanning sampling.The result showed that Tarim red deer herd spend more ti me on resting and less time on standing and moving,feeding and drinking;the herd preferred hard soil and feeding zone in term of habitat selection;the affiliate behavior existed between the master and adult female.Artificial selection decre ased the frequency of fighting behavior and increased that of horning and territ ory behavior,which was closely related to sexual behavior.