岳麓山枫树群落大型土壤动物种类组成及生态研究

2004年3月至2004年4月,在岳麓山选取3个样地作枫树群落土壤大型无脊椎动物调查.共采获大型土壤无脊椎动物317头和18窝蚂蚁;分别隶属于扁形动物门、环节动物门、软体动物门、节肢动物门4门;涡虫纲、寡毛纲、腹足纲、蛛形纲、多足纲、昆虫纲、软甲纲7纲,共21目.其中优势种类为钻螺、红蚁、黑蚁、鼠妇,优势种类所在的纲为腹足纲、昆虫纲、软甲纲.同时根据结果及分析得出:土壤动物的最适pH值为6～7;土壤动物活动的起点温度为10℃,最适温度为17℃左右;降雨可以减少土壤动物的活动;土壤板结不利于土壤动物的生存;植物凋落物处于碎裂阶段时,土壤动物种类和个体数量多;空间异质性程度高,土壤动物种类及个体数量均较多;人类的活动既可以给土壤动物的生存造成有利条件,也可以造成不利环境从而影响土壤动物的数量和种类组成;枫树与其他树木交错分布的地方土壤动物的种类和个体数量均较高,具明显的边缘效应.

Study on Species of Soil Macrofauna in Liquidambar Formosana Hance Community and Ecology in Yuelu Mountain

We investigated the species composition and the quantity of the soil macrofauna in Liquidambar Formosana Hance Community in Yuelu Mountain between March,2004 and April,2004.The experiment was carried out in three plots.A total of 317 soil invertebrate individuals which belong to 21 orders 7 classes(Turbellaria,Oligochaeta,Gastropoda,Arachnida,Insecta,Malacostraca etc.)under 4 phyla(Plathelminthes,Annelida,Mollusca,Arthropoda)was collected.The data showed that the species composition and the quantity of soil macrofauna were closely related to the pH,temperature,texture and hardpan of the soil,the composition of litters,the edge effect,the special heterogeneity and the human's activities.