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Field scale evaluation of bovine-specific DNA as an indicator of tissue degradation during cattle mortality composting |
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| Authors: | Xu Weiping Reuter Tim Xu Yongping Hsu Yu-Hung Stanford Kim McAllister Tim A |
| Institution: | a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J4B1 c Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J4V6 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J4B3 |
| Abstract: | Currently, mortality compost is managed by temperature as extent of tissue degradation is difficult to assess. In the present study, field-scale mortality compost was constructed with composted brain tissue (Brain) and compost adjacent to brain tissue (CAB) sampled over 230 d. Following genomic DNA extraction, bovine-specific mitochondrial DNA (Mt-DNA) and bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were quantified using real-time PCR. Genomic DNA yield of Brain and CAB decreased rapidly (89-98%) and stabilized after 7 d. Compared to d 0, Brain Mt-DNA rapidly decreased (84-91% reduction on d 7). In CAB, Mt-DNA dramatically increased until d 28 (up to 34,500 times) thereafter decreasing by 77-93% on d 112. Quantification of bovine Mt-DNA indicates tissue degradation was initially characterized by rapid decomposition and release of cell contents into surrounding compost matrix followed by further degradation of Mt-DNA by flourishing microorganisms. Consequently, bovine Mt-DNA copies in compost matrix were reliable indicators of tissue degradation. |
| Keywords: | Mortality compost Tissue degradation Bovine mitochondrial DNA 16S rDNA |
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