Functional and phylogenetic uniqueness of helminth and flea assemblages of two South African rodents |
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| Institution: | 1. Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel;2. Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa;3. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa;1. Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research Building, 2109 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;2. University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, 1 University of New Mexico, NM 87131, USA;3. Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Av. Silveira Martins, n° 3386, Salvador, Bahia 41150-100, Brazil;4. Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121 Brotas, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil;5. School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;6. Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;7. Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tidewater Building, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;2. Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre, CAS v.v.i. Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;1. Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, Trinidad and Tobago;1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Brani?ovská 1760, 370 05 ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Ko?ice, Slovak Republic;3. Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého t?. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada;2. School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The loss of a particular species from a community may have different effects on its functioning, depending on the presence or absence of functionally similar or phylogenetically close species in that community (redundancy). Redundancy is thus defined as the fraction of species diversity not expressed by functional or phylogenetic diversity. We assessed functional and phylogenetic alpha- and beta-redundancy in helminth and flea assemblages of two species of South African rodents, Rhabdomys dilectus and Rhabdomys pumilio, using community uniqueness as the inverse indicator of redundancy. We asked whether patterns of functional and phylogenetic alpha- and beta-uniqueness differed between (i) parasite groups (endo- versus ectoparasites), (ii) host species within parasite groups, and (iii) biomes within host species. We found differences between the two hosts in the functional and phylogenetic alpha-uniqueness (but not beta-uniqueness) of flea, but not helminth, assemblages. Significant correlations between the alpha-uniqueness of parasite assemblages and the total parasite prevalence were found only for phylogenetic uniqueness and only in helminths. Pairwise site-by-site dissimilarities in uniqueness (beta-uniqueness) and pairwise dissimilarity in prevalence were significantly associated (positively) in helminths but not in fleas. A between-biome difference in functional (but not phylogenetic) alpha-uniqueness was found in both helminth and flea assemblages harboured by R. pumilio. We conclude that the resilience of parasite assemblages in terms of the effect on hosts depends not only on their transmission strategy but also on traits of host species and environmental factors. |
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| Keywords: | Fleas Helminths Uniqueness Redundancy |
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