野生动植物贸易活动的特点及影响因子研究

不受控制的贸易可能导致野生动植物面临生存危机。探讨野生动植物贸易活动的特点和影响因子有利于提高野生动植物贸易的管理水平。本文从生物因素、社会因素、经济因素和文化因素等角度综合分析了除木材与海洋渔业以外的野生动植物贸易活动的特点。与一般贸易相比,这些野生动植物贸易活动具有传统性、地域性、流动的方向性、季节性、分散性、替代效应、反馈效应和补充性等特征。影响某一野生动植物物种进入野生动植物贸易活动的生物因子包括种群大小、易获得性、个体大小、周期性波动、耐受性、替代性等;社会因子包括政策、执法力度、社会心理、收入水平、猎捕技术等;同时,文化传统也会影响人们利用野生动植物和进行相关贸易的方式与范围。对野生动植物贸易活动特点和影响因子的分析为管理相关野生动植物贸易活动提供了依据。

Features and impacting factors on trade of wildlife

Uncontrolled trade in wildlife may lead to extinction or endangerment of wildlife resources. Theoretical analysis on the characteristics and impacting factors on wildlife trade will improve the manage- ment of wildlife trade. We analyzed the features of wildlife trade, excluding timber and ocean fishery trades, from the view points of biological, sociological, economic and culture aspects. Comparing with other trade, the trade in wildlife is characterized by its traditional, regional, directional, seasonal, dispersive, substitut- able, positive feedback and supplemental features. We pointed out that biological factors such as population size, possibility of acquirement, body size, periodic fluctuation in population size, endurance to harvest, sub- stitutability all influence trade of wildlife. Sociological factors such as policy, law enforcement, social psy- chology, income and hunting technique, at the same time, culture and traditional customs also affect the form and range of trade in wildlife. It provides theory basis for the management in wildlife trade to study the bio- logical, sociological, economic and culture influences on wildlife trade.