试论海南省蝴蝶保护与可持续性利用的关系

根据世界自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 1994年前制订的《IUCN红色名录》和 1994年IUCN理事会第 4 0次会议上通过的《世界物种红色名录濒危等级》(IUCNRedListCatagories) ,针对我国 1989年颁布的《国家重点保护野生动物保护名录》和 2 0 0 0年国家林业局颁布的《国家保护的有益或者有重要经济、科学价值的陆生野生动物名录》中有关蝴蝶的部分 ,简述制订时的历史背景 ,就其中涉及海南分布的蝴蝶保护种划分的科学依据进行了探讨 ;建议今后蝴蝶保护名录修订时应将栖息地的保护状况列为评估濒危状况的首要依据 ,使保护名录更附合客观事实并有利于保护的可操作性 ;提出保护生物资源的最终目的是在条件成熟时对它们进行利用 ,如果可持续性利用的生物资源不加以利用 ,就是对资源的浪费 ;在利用中需引入高新技术、开拓创新 ,以提高利用效益 ,进而提升资源保护的管理水平。

On the relationship between protection and sustainable utilization of butterflies in Hainan Province

Based on the IUCN (the World Conservation Union) Red List and IUCN Red List Categories, the historical background of the butterfly species listed in the Chinese List of Key Protected Wildlife of National Importance (1989) and the Terrestrial Wild Animal Species List of High Economic and Scientific Value is briefly introduced. The basis for definition of protected butterfly species that are naturally distributed in Hainan is evaluated. We suggest that habitat status should be the primary criterion for identifying threatened butterfly species, which differentiates them from the mechanism of endangerment of many amniotes and other arthropods, and makes protection operations more practical. The objective of formulating these lists of threatened species is to guide rational utilization of butterfly resources. Sustainable bio resources should be available for rational use to serve human needs. Evaluation of habitat status should be based on both protection and utilization perspectives. Butterfly raising and near natural forestry with advanced technology should be encouraged to simultaneously develop the butterfly industry, to improve resource utilization efficiency and consequently enhance resource protection management.