珍稀濒危植物迁地保护策略中植物营养问题的探讨

营养缺乏、过量或不平衡都会直接导致植物生长繁殖障碍甚至死亡,通过改良土壤或补充矿质元素来解决这些问题是植物营养学研究的主要内容。这一学科的研究范围已经从传统人工生态系统发展到自然生态系统中。但总的来说,这一学科还没有真正渗透到珍稀濒危物种的迁地保护领域中来。中国各植物园目前正在开展大规模的珍稀濒危植物迁地保护工作,但人们都只重视了物种的引入,却忽视了它们在迁地保护过程中业已存在和可预见的生长繁殖障碍,对迁地保护植物的研究很少涉及其生长繁殖所需的营养条件。针对这一现状,本文提出了目前应开展的几项工作:(1)明确优先开展植物营养学研究的物种范围;(2)物种原产地土壤与植物化学元素背景值的分析;(3)迁地保护物种营养状况动态监测与营养诊断。该研究思路的提出,无论是从植物营养学与植物保育学的学科交叉角度,还是从珍稀濒危物种迁地保护保育策略的理论探索与解决实际问题的角度,都具有十分重要的意义。

On plant nutrition in ex situ conservation strategies for rare and endangered plants

Both the conditions of plant nutrient deficiency and excess can cause serious plant growth disor-ders, or even death. The main issue in plant nutrition research has always been to provide sufficient nutri-tional supplies through methods which improve soil fertility and provide essential mineral elements. Al-though research on plant nutrition has extended from traditional agroecosystems into natural ecosystems, it has not really extended into the field of ex situ conservation for rare and endangered plants. Extensive ex situ conservation is under way in all of the Chinese botanical gardens. In the process, attention is paid to most of the plant species introduction requirements, but usually plant growth and reproduction is negatively affected after ex situ conservation. Past studies on plant species maintenance ex situ seldom include components re-lated to available nutrient conditions required to sustain plant growth and reproduction. This paper therefore proposes three conservation strategies for ex situ conservation: (1) determining the priority list of plant spe-cies for nutrition research; (2) studying nutrient contents in natural soils, and (3) dynamic monitoring and di-agnosis of the nutritional status of species maintained ex situ. These strategies provide valuable guidance for plant nutrition and conservation study, including theoretical explorations and practical problem solving.