基于红外相机的中国哺乳动物多样性观测网络建设进展

中国哺乳动物多样性观测网络(China BON-Mammal)为中国生物多样性观测网络(China BON)下属子网, 由生态环境部组织建设, 南京环境科学研究所为牵头单位。观测网络以陆生大中型哺乳动物为观测对象, 基于红外相机技术设置了统一的规程方案与技术标准, 2017-2019年在全国18个省区以县域为单元, 选择74个代表性保护地作为观测样区开展红外相机观测。截至2019年底, 观测网络共收集红外相机照片200多万张, 其中野生动物有效照片30万张, 共观测到哺乳动物11目28科132种、鸟类16目56科408种, 其中国家I级重点保护野生动物45种(兽类33种、鸟类12种), 并发现多个物种分布新记录和珍稀濒危物种。同时, 观测网络平台研发了哺乳动物观测数据库用于图像数据的存储和分析。最后, 本文对目前取得的成果及存在的问题进行分析, 计划将进一步加强数据的处理分析与共享, 进而更好地促进生物多样性保护工作。

Progress of the China mammal diversity observation network (China BON-Mammal) based on camera-trapping

The China mammal diversity observation network (China BON-Mammal) is a sub-network of the China Biodiversity Observation Network (China BON), organized by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and led by the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences. China BON-Mammal takes large and medium-sized terrestrial mammals as observation objects and sets a unified protocol and technical standards based on infrared camera trapping technology. From 2017 to 2019, 74 representative protected areas in 74 counties were selected as observation sample regions across 18 provinces of China to conduct infrared camera observations. By the end of 2019, more than 2 million photos were collected, 300,000 of which show wild animals. A total of 11 orders, 28 families, 132 species of mammals and 16 orders, 56 families, 408 species of birds were observed. Among these 45 species (33 mammal species and 12 bird species) were listed as Class-I National Key Protected Species. New records and rare species were also found. Here, we focus on the analysis of current achievements, existing problems, and next steps for the platform. In the future, China BON-Mammal will further improve data processing, analysis, and sharing to better promote biodiversity conservation.