太行山东北部哺乳动物区系及多样性

为研究太行山东北部的哺乳动物区系及多样性格局, 2019年7月1日至10月30日间, 作者采用样线调查和红外相机监测、访谈、文献查阅等多种方法, 对该区域的哺乳动物进行调查, 分析了区系构成, 并基于多样性指数比较了太行山片区和燕山片区哺乳动物多样性及动物分布型的差异。结果表明: 太行山东北部区域分布有哺乳动物7目22科68种, 其中啮齿目种类最多(24种), 灵长目最少, 仅猕猴(Macaca mulatta) 1种; 区域内分布有2种国家I级(金钱豹Panthera pardus、豺Cuon alpinus)和10种国家II级重点保护野生动物。太行山片区和燕山片区的哺乳动物区系的平均动物区系相似性(average faunal resemblance)系数为0.844, 相似性较大, 太行山片区的哺乳动物种数(66)高于燕山片区(50), 其科的多样性指数(D_F= 2.994 ± 0.251, n = 13)和属的多样性指数(D_G = 2.443 ± 0.161, n = 13)也略高于燕山片区(D_F = 2.458 ± 0.170, D_G = 2.259 ± 0.149, n = 10), 但无显著差异(P> 0.05)。太行山片区哺乳动物G-F指数(D_G-F= 0.145 ± 0.022, n = 13)显著高于燕山片区(0.078 ± 0.014, n = 10) (P< 0.05)。研究结果表明, 太行山片区和燕山片区的哺乳动物的科、属组成相同, 但太行山片区的物种多样性高于燕山片区; 太行山东北部区域分布的哺乳动物以古北界物种为主, 太行山片区和燕山片区均有10类动物分布型的哺乳动物; 因太行山片区的纬度相对较低, 其东洋界物种比例(19.11%)略高于燕山片区(17.64%)。

Mammal fauna and biodiversity in the northeastern Taihang Mountains

Aims: In order to determine the mammalian fauna and diversity patterns in the northeastern Taihang Mountains, we studied the wild mammalian resources in this area from July 1st to October 30th, 2019. Methods: We used a combination of line-transect surveys, camera trap and other methods. The number of species and distribution patterns of mammals in the Taihang and Yanshan areas were compared using biodiversity indices. Results: A total of 68 species of mammals were recorded in the region, belonging to 7 orders and 22 families. The majority of species were Rodentia(24 species), while only one Primate species(Macaca mulatta) was found. In this region, two species(Panthera pardus, Cuon alpinus) were listed as Class Ⅰ National Key Protected Species in China and 10 species, including Naemorhedus griseus, were listed as Class Ⅱ. The mammalian fauna in Taihang and Yanshan areas was similar with an average faunal resemblance(AFR) of 0.844, but the number of species in Taihang(66) was greater than that in Yanshan(50). The diversity of family index(DF = 2.994 ± 0.251, n = 13) and genus index(DG = 2.443 ± 0.161, n = 13) of Taihang were slightly higher than those in Yanshan(DF = 2.458 ± 0.170, DG = 2.259 ± 0.149, n = 10), but the differences were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). Taihang’s DG-F index(0.145 ± 0.022, n = 13) was significantly higher than that of Yanshan(0.078 ± 0.014, n = 10)(P < 0.05). Our results indicated that species composition in the two areas was similar in family and genus diversity. Whilst, the species diversity of Taihang was higher than that of Yanshan, and dominated by mammals from the Palaearctic region. Although there were 10 types of distributions in Taihang and Yanshan, the former’s proportion of species from the Oriental region(19.11%) was slightly higher than that in Yanshan(17.64%) due to the relatively lower latitude. Conclusion: There are environmental stress on the distribution and biodiversity of wild mammals in the northeastern Taihang Mountains. It is suggested that the specific survey should be carried out in this area to determine the stressors and the mechanism of influence, on this basis, the reasonable strategies can be determined and the efficiency of conservation can be improved.