北京近郊深土层动物群落结构特征

为了解城市近郊深层土壤中动物群落结构组成, 2012年在北京市北四环和北五环之间的中国科学院奥运村科技园区埋设陷阱收集器, 对地下30 cm和55 cm土层活动的动物进行采样。2013-2017年8次调查共捕获动物3门10纲20目10,163头, 优势类群分别是膜翅目(61.0%)、蜱螨目(12.1%)和弹尾目(11.2%)。30 cm土层动物类群数和个体数均高于55 cm, 30 cm土层优势类群为膜翅目(69.4%), 55 cm土层优势类群除膜翅目(45.7%)外还有蜱螨目(21.8%)和弹尾目(16.4%)。夏秋季动物个体数和类群数高于冬春季, 环节动物门仅出现于冬春季, 而缨翅目、啮虫目和革翅目仅出现于夏秋季。不同绿化带类型间动物群落Jaccard相似性指数均高于0.75, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均不存在显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明: 深层土壤中存在着大量的动物类群, 动物个体数和类群数均随土层加深而减少。不同季节人工绿地土壤中动物结构存在差异, 而不同植被类型下动物群落组成高度相似。

Faunal communities of deep soil layers in suburban Beijing

In order to reveal composition of faunal communities in deep soil, we investigated soil at 30 and 55 cm at the Olympic Campus of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in a suburb of Beijing using trap collectors. A total of 10,163 individuals representing 20 orders belonging to ten classes and three phyla were captured in eight surveys carried out over five years. The dominant groups were Hymenoptera (61.0%), Acarina (12.1%) and Collembola (11.2%). The individuals and groups in the 30 cm soil layer were greater than at 55 cm. The dominant group of the 30 cm soil layer was Hymenoptera (69.4%) while at 55 cm, Hymenoptera (45.7%), Acarina (21.8%) and Collembola (16.4%) were all dominant. The number of individuals and groups recorded from April to October was greater than October to April of the next year. Annelida appeared only between October to April of the next year, while Thysanoptera, Psocoptera, Dermaptera appeared only between April to October. The lowest Jaccard value of soil faunal communities in different vegetation forms was 0.75. None of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index showed significant differences between different vegetation types (P > 0.05). The results showed that there were abundant soil faunal communities in deep soil. The number of individuals and groups decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil faunal community structure was different in different seasons and the composition was highly similar between different vegetation types.