秦岭南坡陕西洋县辖区哺乳动物物种多样性的空间分布格局

物种多样性的空间分布格局一直是生态学和生物地理学研究的一个热点问题。山地生态系统的生境异质性和物种多样性高, 适合研究物种多样性空间分布格局及其相关机制。2016年11月至2017年11月, 本研究选取秦岭南坡陕西洋县辖区作为研究区域, 采用样线法、红外相机法和笼捕/夹捕法, 系统分析了8目21科48种哺乳动物物种多样性的空间分布格局。研究结果发现秦岭南坡洋县辖区哺乳动物物种丰富度的空间分布格局大致是中南部低, 北部和东部高; 物种多样性指数大致是中南部和北部低, 东部高。啮齿类动物和非啮齿类动物的空间分布格局存在差异。哺乳动物物种丰富度和多样性指数的垂直分布格局都符合中峰模式, 但啮齿类动物和非啮齿类动物间存在差异。最优线性模型结果表明, 研究地区哺乳动物物种多样性的空间分布格局受到多种环境因素的共同影响。其中, 年均温与物种多样性的相关性最强, 在6个最优线性模型中贡献都是最大。综上, 秦岭南坡洋县辖区中高海拔区域的物种多样性较高, 应加强对中高海拔地区的保护, 以维系该区域较高的生物多样性。

Spatial distribution patterns of mammal diversity in Yangxian County of Shaanxi Province on the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains

Studies on spatial patterns of biodiversity are of great interest in ecology and biogeography. Mountain ecosystems with high habitat heterogeneity and rich biodiversity are ideal for the study of biodiversity distribution. From November 2016 to November 2017, line transect survey, camera-trapping and cage-trapping/snap-trapping were used to investigate the mammal diversity in Yangxian County of Shaanxi Province, which is located on the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains. A total of 48 mammal species belonging to 21 families and 8 orders were identified in the study area. The spatial distribution of mammal species richness was generally low in the midland and south and high in the north and east of the study area. The spatial distribution of mammal species diversity was generally low in the midland and south and north and high in the east of the study area. The spatial distribution of rodents and non-rodent mammals were different. The elevational distribution of mammal species richness and diversity were unimodal. The elevational distribution of rodents and non-rodent mammals were also different. The best model suggests that patterns of mammal species diversity are governed by the integrated effects of different environmental predictors, with annual mean temperature being the most important. Mammal species diversity peaked at mid and high elevation area. To maintain high biodiversity in the region, we should sustainably strengthen protection of mid and high elevation areas.