论我国国家植物园体系建设: 以任务带学科构建国家植物园迁地保护综合体系

植物园诞生的原初是“皇家”或“国家”意志的产物, 植物园的概念从公元前2,800年我国的“神农本草园”起源, 至今已历经沧桑巨变, 而西方文艺复兴后演替出了现代植物园。科研、保护、教育与示范四大功能始终是植物园的主线。植物园作为专门从事野生植物收集、科学研究、引种驯化和保护利用的专业研究机构, 始终肩负着国家的重要使命。本文系统综述了植物园的起源与演变, 并对世界各国的国家植物园与国家植物园体系进行了系统梳理和分析。在对我国植物园历史与发展概况总结的基础上, 论述了我国国家植物园体系建设的定位与目标、区域布局、科学研究、人才队伍、基础设施等五个方面的思考, 以任务带学科构建我国国家植物园迁地保护综合体系。

On China’s national botanical gardens: Building a comprehensive system of ex situ conservation of national botanical gardens with task oriented disciplines

Background: The botanical garden was originally the product of the will of the “Royal” or “National”. The concept of botanical garden changed greatly since the origin of China’s “Shennong Herbal Garden” in 2,800 BC. The modern botanical gardens stemmed from the succession after the Western Renaissance have always functioned four main roles of scientific research, conservation, education and outreach. As the research institution specializing in wild plant collection, scientific research, introduction & acclimatization and conservation & utilization, the botanical gardens have always borne important missions of the country. Aims & Conclusion: We systematically summarize the origin and evolution of botanical gardens; review and analyze the national botanical gardens and national botanical garden systems all over the world. Based on the history and development of China’s botanical gardens, we discuss the thoughts of establishing China’s national botanical garden system in five aspects: mission and aims, regional distribution, scientific research, talent team and infrastructure, aiming of building a comprehensive system for ex situ conservation of China’s national botanical gardens with tasks oriented disciplines.