利用红外相机监测四川大相岭自然保护区鸟兽物种多样性

红外相机调查技术已成为地栖兽类与鸟类物种多样性研究的重要手段之一, 2017年10月至2018年10月, 我们在四川大相岭自然保护区布设167台红外相机进行生物多样性监测。红外相机累计工作6,738个工作日, 共获得独立有效照片3,317张, 其中野生兽类2,673张、野生鸟类644张。鉴定出野生兽类5目14科23种, 野生鸟类5目11科33种。国家一级重点保护野生动物有3种, 即大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、四川羚牛(Budorcas tibetanus)和林麝(Moschus berezovskii); 国家二级重点保护野生动物有10种, 分别是藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)、黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、水鹿(Cervus equinus)、血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)和红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)。其中, 属于《中国脊椎动物红色名录》中极危的有1种, 即林麝, 易危的有9种, 近危的有10种; 被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危的有2种, 易危的有5种, 近危的有3种; 被CITES附录I收录的有4种, 附录II收录的有6种。新记录物种7种, 分别是灰鼯鼠(Petaurista xanthotis)、水鹿、黄颈啄木鸟(Dendrocopos darjellensis)、星鸦(Nucifraga caryocatactes)、白眉鸫(Turdus obscurus)、蓝短翅鸫(Brachypteryx montana)和红翅噪鹛(Trochalopteron formosum)。物种相对丰富度最高的3种动物分别是毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 125.26)、藏酋猴(RAI = 64.71)和红腹角雉(RAI = 43.34)。本次监测初步掌握了四川大相岭自然保护区内大中型兽类和林下活动鸟类的种类组成和相对多度, 为野生动物的研究与保护管理提供了参考依据。

Camera-trapping survey of wild mammals and birds in Daxiangling Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province

Camera-tapping is one of the most efficient tools for surveying terrestrial mammals and birds. Between October 2017 and October 2018, we placed 167 infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the biodiversity of wild mammals and birds in Daxiangling Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. A total of 3,317 independent wildlife photographs were collected with an extensive survey effort of 6,738 camera-days. These included 2,673 photographs of 23 mammal species belonging to 5 orders and 14 families, and 644 photographs of 33 bird species from 5 orders and 11 families. Among these, 3 species including Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Budorcas tibetanus, Moschus berezovskii are listed as national first-class protected wild animals, and 10 species including Macaca thibetana, Ursus thibetanus, Ailurus fulgens, Martes flavigula, Capricornis milneedwardsi, Cervus equinus, Ithaginis cruentus, Chrysolophus amherstiae, Lophura nycthemera, Tragopan temminckii are listed as national second-class protected wild animals in China. Of the species identified, Moschus berezovskii is Critically Endangered (CR), 9 species are Vulnerable (VU), and 10 species are Near Threatened (NT) in the Red List of China’s Vertebrates. Among the recorded species, 2 species are listed as Endangered (EN), 5 species are listed as Vulnerable (VU), 3 species are listed as Threatened (NT) by the IUCN Red List. Four species are also listed in Appendix I and six other species are in Appendix II of the CITES regulations. Petaurista xanthotis, Cervus equinus, Dendrocopos darjellensis, Nucifraga caryocatactes, Turdus obscurus, Brachypteryx montana and Trochalopteron formosum are new record species in Daxiangling Nature Reserve. We found that Elaphodus cephalophus (RAI = 125.26) had the highest relative abundance, followed by Macaca thibetana (RAI = 64.71) and Tragopan temminckii (RAI = 43.34). This study provides basic information on the species composition and relative abundance of large and mid-sized mammals and terrestrial birds in Daxiangling Nature Reserve; it will also provide information and references to wildlife management and protection.