生物多样性和均匀度显著性的随机化检验及计算软件

多样性指数和均匀度以其简单易用而被广泛应用于群落生物学和生物多样性等研究中，然而由于缺乏合适的统计检验方法等原因，其分析的可信性往往较低，因而限制了其应用。鉴于生物多样性研究中广泛应用主观和直接的比较不，有必要建立和使用较为严格的多样性统计检验。本研究建立和应用了如下随机化检验方法：单群落多样性指数和均匀度的显著性检验，单群落多样性指数和均匀度的置认区间，群落间多群样和均匀度的差异显著性检验。随机化方法已被成功地应用于群落生态学研究，其原理是：随机排序某一向量中的元素，或随机交换两向量中的对应元素。计算该随机化数据的多样性和均匀度，重复该过程多次，统计和计算显著性检验的p值，由向量中的对应元素。计算该随机化数据的多样性和均匀度，重复该过程多次，统计和显著性检验的p值。由此可确定多样性和差异的统计显著性。同时，研制了相应的Internet计算软件BiodiverisytTest。该软件由7个Java类和1个HTML文件组成，可运行于多种操作系统和网络浏览器上，可读取多种类型的ODBC数据库文件如Access,Excel,FoxPro,Dbase等。该软件中包括Shannon-Wiener多样性指数，Simpson多样性指数，McIntosh多样性指数，Berger-Parker多样性指数，Hrlbert多样性指数以及Brillouin多样性指数。基于Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Berger-Parker多样性指数，用BiodiversityTest软件对水稻田节肢动物群落多样性（15个地点，17个功能群，125个节肢动物种）进行了比较和分析。结果显示，两组结果可较好地反映水稻节肢动物群落多样性的差异显著性，这些检验方法可有效地反映多样性指数和均匀度的变化。与水稻田节肢动物群落间多样性的直接比较法相比，该随机化检验方法获得更客观的结果。本算法与软件有助于改进生物多样性研究中使用的某些不甚严格的分析方法，为随机化检验方法在生物多样性研究中的进一步应用提供了一种可用的工具。

Randomization tests and computational software on statistic significance of community biodiversity and evenness

Diversity and evenness indices were widely used in community ecology and biodiversity researches. However, shortage of statistic tests on these indices restricted their reliability. To develop statistic test methods on diversity is one of the focuses in biodiversity researches. In present study, some randomization tests on statistic significance of diversity and evenness indices, confidence interval of diversity and evenness, and randomization test on statistic significance of between-community differences were presented. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, McIntosh diversity index, Berger-Parker diversity index, Hurlbert diversity index, Brillouin diversity index, and corresponding evenness indices are included in the randomization test procedure. The web-based computational software for the statistic tests, BiodiversityTest, which is comprised of seven Java classes and an HTML file, is developed. It can be run on various operational systems and java-enabled web browsers and, may read ODBC linked databases such as MS Access, Excel, FoxPro, dBASE, etc. Rice arthropod diversity (15 sampling sites, 125 arthropod species, 17 functional groups) was recorded on September,1996 in IRRI rice farm using RiceVac apparatus and bucket enclosure. The data were analysed using BiodiversityTest with Shannon-Wiener index and Berger-Parker index respectively, and the results showed that the changes of diversity and evenness can be effectively detected by these tests. The randomization tests will correct the possible wrong conclusions aroused in direct comparison of arthropod diversity which was used in most of the researches up to now. The development of randomization tests on biodiversity will provide a quantitative tool for stricter statistic comparison of biodiversity between communities and present an absolute criterion fordiversity measuring. BiodiversityTest will make the computation realistic and accessible on Internet.