三江并流区树线生境小型兽类多样性多维度评价及其保护启示

三江并流区具有极高的环境异质性和丰富的生物多样性, 树线以上的高山生境是该地区的核心景观之一。本研究拟通过物种、系统发育和功能多样性对高山小型兽类多样性进行评价, 并从保护生物学的角度讨论生物多样性多维度评价的意义。2013年9月至2018年11月对三江并流区树线区域展开规范化野外调查, 收集小型兽类群落信息。从野外采集的组织样品中提取、扩增、测定线粒体CYTB基因序列, 构建小型兽类物种系统发育树。通过α多样性的不同维度以及功能冗余度评价了三江并流区树线生境小型兽类多样性。结果显示, 使用不同数据类型(出现/缺失数据和多度数据)的结果并不一致, 说明仅使用传统的丰富度指数对于描述多样性分布存在较大局限。物种和系统发育多样性在不同地点间的分布相似, 但功能多样性的分布与这两者有所差异, 从另一角度说明综合评价生物多样性的不同维度对于全面保护演化历史和生态功能的必要性。与高黎贡山、云岭相比较, 怒山山脉在5个样带尺度的多样性指数上呈现最高水平, 且具有最低的功能冗余度, 说明怒山的研究和保护力度均亟待加强。

Multi-dimensional evaluation of small mammal diversity in tree line habitats across the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas: Implications for conservation

Aim: To evaluate multi-dimensional biodiversity levels of small mammals in tree line habitats across the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (TPR), and discuss their implication for conservational strategies.
Methods: Between September 2013 and November 2018, we conducted standardized field investigations along tree line across the TPR to collect small mammals. We sequenced CYTB gene and obtained morphological measurements from field samples to calculate frequently used taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity metrics.
Results: We found that indices derived using presence/absence and abundance-based data gave discrepant results, indicating using traditional richness metrics are limited in describing diversity distribution patterns. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity showed similar distribution patterns, whereas different distribution was found for functional diversity. Compared with Gaoligong and Yunling mountains, Nushan showed the highest diversity levels in most of the metrics and dimensions at the transect scale, and lowest level in functional redundancy.
Conclusions: To comprehensively preserve evolutionary history and ecological functions requires simultaneous consideration of multi-dimensional biodiversity. Further research and conservational efforts should be imposed in the Nushan area. The study contributed to bridge knowledge gap of alpine ecosystems in the TPR, providing insight of the conservation of alpine biomes under contemporary climate change.