Larvicidal activity of acetone extract and green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK;3. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, USA |
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Abstract: | Mosquito vectors of major human diseases are currently controlled using chemical and biological products. Extensive insecticide use has led to resistance development and human/environmental health risks, and alternative sustainable control options are needed; in this study, activity of an extract of garlic (Allium sativum; Amaryllidaceae), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the extract, were evaluated against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Ae. aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, and characterised using powdered X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Larvae were exposed to five concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm) of garlic extract or synthesized AgNPs, with distilled water and silver nitrate solution (1 mM) as controls. The mortality of larvae was recorded after 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h following addition of the respective extracts.Dose- and time-dependent toxicity were recorded in both treatment groups with no mortality in control groups. Exposure to AgNPs at 250 ppm for 48 h yielded 100% mortality for both larval instars, with corresponding LC50 values of 44.77 (2nd) and 62.82 ppm (3rd). Exposure to garlic extract resulted in similar 48-hour mortality (99 ± 0.77% (2nd) and 98 ± 1.10% (3rd), but consistently higher LC50 values after all exposure times compared to AgNPs (e.g. 48-hour exposure: 108.42 ppm (2nd), 129.11 ppm (3rd), suggesting that AgNPs may potentially be used at lower concentrations for Ae. aegypti control. |
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Keywords: | Dengue Larvicide Mosquito larvae Silver nanoparticles AgNPs"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_aR39gX2CFM"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Silver nanoparticles Lethal Concentration ppm"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_S5K4Hwt3Ws"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"parts per million |
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