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Characterization of an acetate-decarboxylating,non-hydrogen-oxidizing methane bacterium
Authors:Alexander J B Zehnder  Beat A Huser  Thomas D Brock  Karl Wuhrmann
Institution:(1) Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, USA;(2) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland;(3) Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Abstract:A methanogenic bacterium, commonly seen in digested sludge and referred to as the ldquofat rodrdquo or Methanobacterium soehngenii, has been enriched to a monoculture and is characterized. Cells are gramnegative, non-motile and appear as straight rods with flat ends. They form filaments which can grow to great lengths. The structure of the outer cell envelop is similar to Methanospirillum hungatii. The organism grows on a mineral salt medium with acetate as the only organic component. Acetate is the energy source, and methane is formed exclusively from the methyl group. Acetate and carbon dioxide act as sole carbon source and are assimilated in a molar ratio of about 1.9:1. The reducing equivalents necessary to build biomass from these two precursors are obtained from the total oxidation of some acetate. Hydrogen is not used for methane formation and is not needed for growth. Formate is cleaved into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Coenzyme M was found to be present at levels of 0.35 nmol per mg of dry cells and F420 amounted to 0.55 mgrg per mg protein. The mean generation time was 9 days at 33°C.
Keywords:Methane bacterium  Electronmicroscopy  Acetate decarboxylation  Formate decarboxylation  Acetate assimilation  CO2 assimilation  Growth yield  Coenzyme M-F420
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