上海5条骨干人工河流鱼类本底调查及群落结构分析

为摸清上海黄浦江5条骨干人工河流开挖半个世纪以来形成的鱼类物种资源家底,文章于2021年6月(夏季)和11月(秋季)用刺网对20个断面作了采集,获得鱼类标本13379尾,经鉴定有60种,隶属于8目17科45属。其中,鲤形目有2科28属41种,鲈形目7科8属8种;洄游鱼类2种,河口鱼类8种,其余均为淡水鱼类。IRI≥1000的优势种合计有9种,刀鲚(Coilia nasus)是5条河流共有的优势种。ABC曲线反映除金汇港外,其他河流总体上以中小型鱼类为主体,鱼类群落受到了严重干扰。β_c指数和β_r指数均反映浦东川杨河与大治河之间的鱼类组成相异性最大,浦南金汇港与龙泉港之间的鱼类组成相异性最小。20个断面可分为3组, D1和Z2断面为组Ⅰ,金汇港、龙泉港和除Z2断面的大治河为组Ⅱ,川杨河和除D1断面的淀浦河为组Ⅲ,似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、刀鲚、鲫(Carassius auratus)和?(Hemiculter leucisculus)是造成组间鱼类群落结构差异性的主要分歧种。研究认为,这5条人工骨干支流保存了比黄浦江源头、干流...

FISH BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF FIVE BACKBONE ARTIFICIAL RIVERS IN SHANGHAI

In this study, a total of 13379 fish specimens were collected from 20sections using gill nets in June (summer) and November (autumn), 2021 to reveal the fish species resources formed in five backbone artificial rivers of Shanghai Huangpu River in the past half-century. Sixty fish species were identified, belonging to 45 genera, 17 families, and 8 orders, comprising 41 species of Cypriniformes belonging to 28 genera and 2 families, 8 species of Perciformes belonging to 8 genera and 7 families, 2 species of Migratory fish, 8 species of estuarine fish, and freshwater species. There were 9 dominant species with IRI≥1000 in total, and Coilia nasus was the dominant species in all 5 rivers. ABC curve demonstrated that except for the Jinhui River, small and medium-sized fishes dominated other rivers, and fish communities were severely disturbed. β_C index and β_R index reflected that the Chuanyang River and the Dazhi River in Pudong had the highest difference in fish composition; the difference in fish composition between the Jinhui River and the Longquan River in Punan was the least. The 20 sections were divided into three groups; group Ⅰ (D1 and Z2 sections), group Ⅱ (the Jinhui River, the Longquan River, and the Dazhi River except for the Z2 section), and group Ⅲ (the Chuanyang River and the Dianpu River except for the D1 section). Pseudobrama simony, Coilia nasus, Carassius auratus, and Hemiculter leucisculus were the main diverging species causing the differences in fish community structure among groups. As suggested in the study, more fish species were preserved in these five artificial backbone tributaries than in the headstream, mainstream, and natural tributaries of the Huangpu River, and population density would be a crucial reason for the significant spatial differences in fish community structure in these rivers.