黑藻对水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用

通过人工模拟实验，研究了不同种植密度(50、100和150株/ m2)的黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对富营养湖泊水体和沉积物理化性质的改善和营养元素的去除作用。结果表明：种植黑藻能显著提高水体溶解氧(DO)和沉积物的氧化还原电位(Eh)， DO由3.95mg/L提高到10.42mg/L；沉积物Eh提高了58.6-109.4mV。黑藻的生长有效地降低了水体和沉积物中的氮、磷含量，水体中TP降低了38.9%-57.1%；NH4+-N的含量降低了90.2%； 沉积物中TN的含量比试验前中期降低了70.0%。50、100和150株/ m2 三个种植密度间对水质和沉积物的改善效果差异不明显，说明当单位面积生物量达到一定程度后改善效果也趋于饱和，故在富营养湖泊的植被恢复中种植密度不宜过大。

Effect of Hydrilla verticillata on characteristics of water and sediment and removals of nutrition

The effects of Hydrilla verticillata on water and sediment in eutrophic lake were investigated by a microcosm experiment. The experiment was conducted with lake water, sediment and H. verticillata collected from Yuehu Lake in Wuhan, China, in 1m ×1m ×1m outdoor aquaria. The apical shoots of this species were planted at 4 densities (0, 50, 100 and 150 shoots/m2). Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4+) and total phosphorus (TP) in water column were measured at the 1st, 8th, 21st, 38th and 55th day after initiation of the experiment, respectively, Eh, pH, TN and TP of sediment were measured as well. At the end of the duration, the plants were harvested and the dry biomasses were measured. The experimental results showed that the dry biomasses were 52.9, 31.9 and 24.8 times higher at harvest than that at the initiation of the experiment respectively. DO in water column of the treatments with plants was 2.6 times higher than that of the control, pH values also significantly increased up to 9.85 in the density of 150/m2 at the 38th day. However, the 3 planting densities did not show significant difference in these two parameters. The concentrations of TN and NH4+ in water column with plants deceased by 90.2% and 70.0% compared with the control respectively, whereas, the differences among the treatments were not significant. TP in water column decreased with planting densities by 38.9-57.1%, and the differences among treatments were distinct. As a function of radial oxygen releases from root, the Eh values of sediment increased by 58.6-109.4mV with the planting density compared with the control. Whereas, the pH in the 3 treatments decreased sharply during the first 20 days, then increased up to 7.20-7.34, but still lower than that of the control, which could be explained by the releases of root exudates. In addition, the growth of H. verticillata can effectively reduce the TN and TP in the sediment. It is concluded that the existence of H. verticillata can remove nutrition and improve the quality of water column and sediment. However, plant density is a factor need to be considered in revegetation of degraded lakes, because excessive density may inhibit the growth of plants. So harvesting at appropriate time is a necessary measure to enhance the effect of the submerged macrophyte.